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震后应急期最优路径分析与路网恢复力评估

发布时间:2018-04-26 23:25

  本文选题:应急期 + 最优路径 ; 参考:《中国地震局工程力学研究所》2017年硕士论文


【摘要】:随着我国社会经济的腾飞和一带一路战略的推进,基础设施建设正以前所未有的速度发展,道路建设是其中的重要环节,为人们日常的生活以及社会的可持续发展等提供了便利,奠定了基础。然而近年来我国破坏性地震频发,造成大量人员伤亡与财产损失。交通路网由于其功能上的重要性以及抗震方面的脆弱使其在地震中易遭受破坏且影响巨大,交通系统的破坏以及急增的运输量给伤亡人员的转移和救援物资的运输都带来了极大的困难。在灾后救援中,交通系统既是救援物资运输的通道,也是抢救伤员和安置群众的重要保证。因此,在灾后第一时间给出最优路径的建议,辅助应急工作,具有重要的意义。由于震后道路条件与震前有很大的变化,如何根据灾后的需求,考虑道路的受损情况,路径的容量以及通行时间等因素,为应急决策提供最优路径建议,始终是研究的热点问题。近年来,随着防震减灾理念的进一步转变,对结构以及系统的恢复力进行研究正逐步成为热点。道路可以在相对短的时间内进行抢修,从而恢复其功能性。在地震应急期,由于时间紧迫,需要尽快将受伤人员运出,以及将应急物资送入受灾点,因而当路网受损功能下降到已经无法满足需求时,需要尽快通过抢修受灾路段使得路网恢复其功能,如何量化评估这一过程十分重要。本文针对上述问题开展了以下研究:1、总结分析了典型交通设施震害以及震后应急救援的实际情况和遇到的问题,调研了该领域的研究现状,包括最优路径的模型建立与计算方法、路网中受灾路段的抢修排序以及路网恢复力的评估,提出了本文研究的必要性。2、对现有的最优路径评估模型,如最大容量路径、最短路径、最短时间路径等进行比较讨论,进而以运输期限内最大化运输量为目标,综合考虑容量、路径通行时间、道路受损对容量和行车速度的影响以及路段抢修时间,利用Dijkstra算法与深度优先搜索算法提出一种新的最优路径——最大运输量路径。并在计算路径的同时给出维修排序的建议。3、介绍路网恢复力的定义以及数学模型,进而通过构造路网功能函数将路网在灾后的受损程度与功能恢复路径联系起来,同时考虑应急期物资运输的实际需求,提出了恢复力的评价方法。并以某市路网为例,分析对比了各类最优路径模型;针对不同的考察目标,对比分析了相应的恢复力差异。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's social economy and the promotion of Belt and Road's strategy, infrastructure construction is developing at an unprecedented speed, and road construction is an important part of it. For people's daily life and the sustainable development of society to provide convenience, laid the foundation. However, destructive earthquakes occur frequently in China in recent years, resulting in a large number of casualties and property losses. Traffic networks, due to their functional importance and seismic vulnerability, are vulnerable to damage and have a significant impact on earthquakes. The destruction of traffic system and the rapid increase of traffic volume bring great difficulties to the transfer of casualties and the transportation of relief materials. In post-disaster relief, transportation system is not only the passage of relief material transportation, but also the important guarantee of rescuing the wounded and resettling the masses. Therefore, it is of great significance to give the advice of the optimal path in the first time after the disaster and to assist the emergency work. Due to the great changes in the road conditions after the earthquake and before the earthquake, how to consider the damage of the road, the capacity of the path, the passage time and other factors according to the needs of the disaster, so as to provide the optimal path advice for the emergency decision. It has always been a hot topic in research. In recent years, with the further transformation of the concept of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, the research on the resilience of structures and systems is becoming a hot spot. Roads can be repaired in a relatively short period of time, thus restoring their functionality. During the earthquake emergency period, due to time constraints, it is necessary to move the injured people out as soon as possible, as well as to send emergency supplies to the disaster site, so that when the damaged function of the road network has been reduced to be unable to meet the demand, It is necessary to restore the function of the road network by repairing the affected section as soon as possible. How to quantitatively evaluate this process is very important. This paper has carried out the following research: 1, summarized and analyzed the actual situation and problems encountered in the earthquake disaster of typical traffic facilities and post-earthquake emergency rescue, and investigated the current research situation in this field. Including the model establishment and calculation method of the optimal path, the emergency repair order of the affected sections in the road network and the evaluation of the road network resilience, the necessity of the research in this paper is put forward. The existing optimal path evaluation model, such as the maximum capacity path, is put forward. The shortest path, shortest time path and so on are compared and discussed, and the aim is to maximize the traffic volume within the transportation period, considering comprehensively the capacity, the passage time of the path, the influence of road damage on the capacity and the speed of driving, and the repair time of the road section. Using Dijkstra algorithm and depth first search algorithm, a new optimal path, the maximum traffic path, is proposed. At the same time, the suggestion of maintenance ranking is given, and the definition and mathematical model of road network resilience are introduced, and then the damage degree of road network after disaster is connected with the functional recovery path by constructing the function function of road network. At the same time, considering the actual demand of material transportation in emergency period, the method of evaluating resilience is put forward. Taking the road network of a certain city as an example, this paper analyzes and compares various kinds of optimal path models, and contrasts and analyzes the corresponding resilience differences for different inspection objectives.
【学位授予单位】:中国地震局工程力学研究所
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2017
【分类号】:U491;P315.9

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