船闸下闸首水流结构的试验研究与三维数值模拟

发布时间：2018-04-29 06:22

本文选题：船闸下闸首 + 模型试验　；参考：《扬州大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随着地方经济的快速发展,盐邵船闸过闸货运量的逐年加大,使船闸本身的引航道尺度不能很好满足过闸船舶停泊、待闸的运行要求。虽然船闸已经处于24小时满负荷运行状态但仍有大量船舶滞留于引航道口门水域,航道的通畅及进出船闸船舶的航行安全受到了严重的影响。船闸下闸首是船闸出口与河道自由航行河段起枢纽作用的区域,它的水流条件的好坏将直接影响到过闸船舶的安全。本文根据重力相似的原理制作了试验模型,通过多种测量手段测定引航道不同断面上流速,分别得到了各种工况的流速分布情况。采用化学试剂和塑料悬浮粒子分别得到各工况的水流的底层和面层流场分布状况。试验表明在添加弧形导航墙的工程措施情况下可以消除下闸首出口处的淤积区,但是由于过流断面的减小,致使水流的动能增大。在前面试验的基础上增加1.0 m深消力池工程措施,可使纵向和回流速度减小,说明消力池对消除引航道口门区的水流能量是有效的。通过数值模拟计算对下闸首出口的水流结构进行三维数值模拟,模拟了原状工况、导航墙工况、不同深度消力池工况,分别得到了下闸首的流速分布云图、流速矢量图、水流流线图,并对不同纵剖面的流速以及能量分布进行对比。模拟结果显示由于增加了消力池,船闸下闸首下游水深变大,水流沿水深方向的扩散调整更充分,使闸室下游引航道左侧平面上的回流变小,流速也相对减小。同时随着消力池深度的增加以及消力池长度的增大,下游引航道左侧平面上的回流区域越来越小,流速也逐渐的降低。本文研究的结果将用于改善过闸船舶的待闸条件,以及缓解由于引航道标准偏低而引发船舶待闸、过闸的安全隐患,减小船闸安全运行管理的困难,同时也为我省类似船闸的改造和管理供依据。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of local economy, the cargo volume of Yan-Shao Shiplock is increasing year by year, which makes the channel size of the shiplock itself unable to meet the requirements of berthing and waiting for lock. Although the shiplock is already in the state of full load in 24 hours, a large number of ships are still stranded in the entrance of the approach channel. The unobstructed channel and the safety of navigation of the ship entering and leaving the lock have been seriously affected. The lower lock head is a pivotal area between the gate outlet and the free navigation reach of the river course, and its water flow condition will directly affect the safety of the ship passing through the lock. In this paper, according to the principle of gravity similarity, the experimental model is made, and the velocity distribution on different sections of approach channel is determined by various means of measurement, and the distribution of velocity under various working conditions is obtained respectively. The distribution of the flow field in the bottom layer and the surface layer of the flow was obtained by using the chemical reagent and the plastic suspended particle respectively. The test results show that the silt area at the outlet of the lower sluice head can be eliminated by adding the engineering measures of the arc navigation wall, but the kinetic energy of the flow can be increased because of the decrease of the cross section. On the basis of the previous tests, the longitudinal and reflux velocity can be reduced by adding 1.0 m deep stilling pool engineering measures, which shows that the stilling pool is effective in eliminating the flow energy in the entrance area of the approach channel. The flow structure at the outlet of the lower sluice head is simulated by numerical simulation. The flow velocity distribution cloud diagram and velocity vector diagram of the lower sluice head are obtained by simulating the conditions of the original condition, the navigation wall condition and the different depth stilling pool. The velocity and energy distribution of different longitudinal sections are compared. The simulation results show that due to the increase of the stilling pool, the downstream water depth of the shiplock head becomes larger, and the diffusion adjustment along the water depth direction is more adequate, which makes the circumfluence on the left plane of the downstream approach channel of the lock chamber smaller and the velocity of velocity relatively lower. At the same time, with the increase of the depth of the stilling pool and the length of the stilling pool, the return area on the left plane of the downstream approach channel becomes smaller and smaller, and the velocity of flow decreases gradually. The results of this paper will be used to improve the conditions of waiting for the lock of the shiplock ship, and to alleviate the hidden trouble of the ship waiting for the lock and the safety of the lock caused by the lower standard of the approach channel, and to reduce the difficulty of the safe operation management of the lock. At the same time, it also provides the basis for the reconstruction and management of similar locks in our province.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U641

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