碳酰胺复合低氯高效融雪剂制备与性能评价

发布时间：2018-04-29 13:25

本文选题：融雪剂 + 碳酰胺　；参考：《长安大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：冬季道路积雪往往会引起行车打滑、交通阻塞,给人们的出行带来不便。融雪剂以其快速、高效的除雪特点,成为冬季除雪的一种重要手段。作物营养型融雪剂结合了传统融雪剂高效除雪和非氯盐型融雪剂环保的优点,同时还具备促进作物生长这一特点,是一种可大范围使用的环保型融雪剂。而在目前对作物营养型融雪剂的制备研究中,碳酰胺只是被当作一种普通的肥料,由于掺量过少而不能充分发挥其所具备的融冰化雪特性。因此,本文选用碳酰胺作为主物料之一制备一种低氯高效复合融雪剂,对其融雪性能进行研究和评价,并与常用融雪剂作对比。论文首先以冰点及溶解热为标准筛选出碳酰胺复合融雪剂的其它两种主物料-G和M,利用单纯形重心设计法确定碳酰胺和放热剂组成的混合物(F)在掺量分别为10%、20%和30%时的最佳配比。以高效环保为标准优选缓蚀剂,利用失重法对缓蚀剂进行复配,确定出由钼酸钠与磷酸氢二钠按一定比列混合组成的复合缓蚀剂及其最适浓度。然后对现有融雪剂评价标准进行细化和补充,提出除冰雪能力和腐蚀破坏性能两类指标,通过冰点、融冰速率、融冰持效性和防粘结性测试,评价融雪剂的除冰雪能力;通过融雪剂对金属、水泥混凝土、沥青混合料的腐蚀及对植物生长的破坏试验,评价融雪剂的腐蚀破坏性能,并与常用融雪剂作对比。最后以碳酰胺复合融雪剂冰点与溶液浓度的关系为依据,建立单位面积融雪剂撒布量与环境温度、降雪量的数学模型。论文以碳酰胺、G和M为主物料制备得到三种适用于不同环境的碳酰胺融雪剂,通过研究融雪剂的除冰雪能力和腐蚀破坏性能,对融雪剂性能进行全面评价,并根据性能研究结果,对其应用提出建议。
[Abstract]:Winter road snow will often cause traffic slippage, traffic congestion, people's travel inconvenience. Snowmelt has become an important method for snow removal in winter because of its fast and high efficiency. Crop nutritious snow melting agent combines the advantages of traditional snow melting agent with high efficiency and non-chlorinated snow melt agent to protect environment, at the same time, it has the characteristics of promoting crop growth, so it is a kind of environmental protection snow melting agent which can be widely used. In the present research on the preparation of crop nutritious snowmelt, carbamide is only used as a common fertilizer, and it can not give full play to its characteristics of melting snow due to its low content. Therefore, carbamide was chosen as one of the main materials to prepare a low chlorine and high efficiency composite snowmelt agent, and its snowmelt performance was studied and evaluated, and compared with common snowmelt agent. In this paper, the other two main materials of carbamide composite snowmelt agent, -G and M, were selected by using freezing point and heat of solution as the standard, and the mixture of carbamide and exothermic agent was determined by the simplex center of gravity design method with the content of 10% and 20%, respectively. The best ratio is 30. Based on the high efficiency and environmental protection as the standard, the corrosion inhibitor and its optimum concentration were determined by weight loss method. The compound corrosion inhibitor was composed of sodium molybdate and disodium hydrogen phosphate in a certain ratio. Secondly, the existing evaluation criteria of snowmelt agent are refined and supplemented, and two kinds of indexes, namely the ability of snow and ice removal and the ability of corrosion damage, are put forward. Through the test of freezing point, ice melting rate, ice holding capacity and anti-binding ability, the ability of snow melting agent to remove snow and ice is evaluated. Through the corrosion test of snowmelt agent to metal, cement concrete, asphalt mixture and plant growth, the corrosion and damage performance of snowmelt agent was evaluated and compared with that of common snowmelt agent. Finally, based on the relationship between freezing point and solution concentration of carbamide composite snowmelt agent, a mathematical model of snow melting agent dispersing amount, environmental temperature and snowfall amount per unit area is established. In this paper, three kinds of carbamide snowmelt agents which are suitable for different environments are prepared by using carbamide G and M as main materials. Through the study of snow removal ability and corrosion damage performance of snowmelt agents, the properties of snowmelt agents are comprehensively evaluated. According to the results of performance research, some suggestions for its application are put forward.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U418.41

【共引文献】