快速路匝道控制优化方法研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 14:48

本文选题：快速路匝道控制 + 短时交通流预测　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随着我国社会、经济的飞速发展，城市规模的日益扩大，机动车保有量的迅速增长，城市尤其是特大城市的道路通行能力已经开始严重无法满足交通需求。快速路具有的快速、舒适、高容量的特点吸引了越来越多的城市建设者，快速路在提供大容量交通走廊、屏蔽过境交通、调节城市路网结构、优化土地利用布局等方面发挥了巨大作用，取得了很好的社会收益。然而，持续高速增长的交通需求正在削弱这种收益，城市快速路的交通安全问题和交通拥挤问题开始凸显并日益严重。许多城市的快速路被戏称为“流动的停车场”。匝道控制技术作为快速路交通控制的重要手段，被证明是解决快速路交通拥堵问题十分有效的办法，因此对城市快速路匝道控制算法及相关理论的研究是很有必要且有意义的。快速路匝道控制主要包括入口和出口控制两方面。通过入口匝道控制调节进入快速路主线的车流，从数量和时间两个方面对入口匝道车辆进行控制，可以减少其对主线车辆的影响，，保证快速路的安全性及运行效率。通过出口匝道控制，减少匝道驶出车辆对连接辅路车流及下游相邻交叉口的影响，可以在保证快速路车辆顺利安全驶出的同时，减轻其对相连道路的干扰。此外，通过对匝道与相邻交叉口的协调控制可以提升控制效果，促使全局最优。本文针对当前快速路控制系统研究中的热点问题，从匝道控制及其与相邻交叉口的协调控制两方面进行研究，提出了在短时交通流预测条件下基于模糊理论的入口匝道控制模型，分析了匝道与相邻交叉口的协调控制策略，采用仿真方式对模型和策略的实时效果进行了验证。本文主要研究内容分为以下五部分：（1）通过阅读大量国内外文献，对快速路控制系统研究现状进行总结后，针对快速路系统的交通特性，从功能、流量分布特性、速度与密度分布特性及交通波特性等几个方面对快速路的交通运行状态进行了仔细描述和总结，提出了当前研究的主要成果及研究思路，分析了可能存在的不足之处，并据此设计了本文的研究思路和研究内容。（2）根据对现有匝道控制理论的理解和总结，提出了在交通流预测条件下进行模糊控制器的设计，结合基于回声状态网络的时间序列预测方法对短时交通流进行预测，在此基础上采用模糊理论设计了控制模型并采用仿真方式进行验证，证明了控制方法的有效性。（3）通过分析匝道及衔接交叉口的关联性，提出了基于系统资源整合的匝道及衔接交叉口协调控制方法，设定排队长度、拥堵指数及延误等评价参数，并对参数的产生和计算过程进行了详细分析。（4）通过建立基于VISSIM和MATLAB的仿真环境，对上述的短时交通流预测下的入口匝道模糊控制算法和基于系统整合的匝道及衔接交叉口协调控制方法进行了实验模拟，证明了方法及控制策略的可行性和有效性。（5）总结全文的研究内容和思路及本文的研究成果，提出在研究过程中可能存在的不足之处，展望该研究领域未来的发展方向。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's society, the economy, the expansion of urban scale, the rapid growth of the quantity of motor vehicles, the traffic capacity of the cities, especially the megacities, has begun to seriously fail to meet the demand for traffic. The fast, comfortable and high capacity characteristics of the expressway have attracted more and more urban builders, and the express way is in the way. It has played a great role in providing large capacity traffic corridors, shielding transit traffic, regulating urban network structure and optimizing the layout of land use, and has achieved good social benefits. However, the sustained high speed increasing traffic demand is weakening this income. The problem of traffic safety and traffic congestion in urban expressway has begun to highlight and date. The fast road in many cities is called the "mobile parking lot". The ramp control technology, as an important means of the expressway traffic control, is proved to be a very effective way to solve the problem of traffic congestion in expressway. Therefore, it is very necessary and meaningful to study the ramp control algorithm and related theories of urban expressway.
The ramp control of the expressway mainly includes two aspects of entrance and exit control. The traffic flow which controls the main line through the ramp is controlled from two aspects of the number and time, which can reduce the impact on the main line vehicles, ensure the safety and efficiency of the expressway. Control through the ramp through the exit ramp, Reducing the influence of the ramp driving vehicle on the connecting auxiliary road traffic and the downstream adjacent intersection can reduce the interference to the connected roads while ensuring the smooth and safe exit of the expressway vehicles. In addition, the control effect can be improved by the coordinated control of the ramp and adjacent intersections, and the global optimization can be promoted.
In view of the hot issues in the study of the current expressway control system, this paper studies the two aspects of the ramp control and the coordinated control of the adjacent intersection, and puts forward the ramp control model based on the fuzzy theory in the short time traffic flow prediction, analyzes the coordinated control strategy of the ramp and the adjacent intersection, and uses the simulation square. The real time effect of the model and strategy is verified. The main contents of this paper are divided into five parts:
(1) after reading a large number of domestic and foreign documents and summarizing the research status of the express way control system, the traffic characteristics of express road system are carefully described and summarized from several aspects, such as function, flow distribution characteristics, velocity and density distribution characteristics and traffic Potter, and put forward the current research. The main achievements and research ideas are analyzed, and the possible deficiencies are analyzed. Accordingly, the research ideas and research contents are designed accordingly.
(2) according to the understanding and summary of the existing ramp control theory, the design of the fuzzy controller is proposed under the condition of traffic flow prediction, and the short-term traffic flow is predicted by the time series prediction method based on the echo state network. On this basis, the fuzzy theory is used to design the control model and be verified by the simulation method. The effectiveness of the control method is proved.
(3) through the analysis of the relevance of the ramp and the junction intersection, a coordinated control method of the ramp and the junction intersection based on the integration of the system resources is proposed, and the queuing length, congestion index and delay are set up, and the production and calculation process of the parameters are analyzed in detail.
(4) through the establishment of the simulation environment based on VISSIM and MATLAB, the fuzzy control algorithm of the ramp and the system integrated ramp and the coordinated control method based on the system integration are simulated, and the feasibility and effectiveness of the method and control strategy are proved.
(5) to sum up the research contents and ideas of the full text and the research results of this paper, put forward the possible shortcomings in the study process, and look forward to the future development direction of the research field.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

【参考文献】