典型潜在危险驾驶情景研究

发布时间：2018-05-03 17:33

本文选题：潜在危险 + 情景分类　；参考：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：目前,我国道路交通事故的伤亡率仍高居不下,道路交通安全形势十分严峻。驾驶人是道路交通安全的主导者,很多交通事故的发生均是由于驾驶人没有提前感知和判断到交通环境中存在的潜在危险,无法及时采取躲避措施,导致了事故的发生。因此,提高驾驶人的风险感知能力,能使其有效地预测到交通环境中存在的潜在危险,进而减少交通事故的发生。首先,将道路交通安全系统作为一个整体,对构成系统的人、车、路和环境四要素进行分析。主要分析了机动车驾驶人、非机动车驾驶人、道路等级、道路线型、路面质量、道路交叉口、天气条件及夜间情况等要素对道路交通安全的影响。结果表明很多交通事故都是由于机动车驾驶员的违法行为导致的。其次,对以往的交通事故分类进行了总结分析,通过对前人成果的总结,提出按城市、城镇、山区和高速公路四种常用道路对危险情景进行分类并用以驾驶人的培训。并对四种道路的特点和道路上经常发生的事故类型进行了详细分析。通过对2011~2015年的交通事故资料进行统计,利用灰度关联分析法对影响道路交通安全的因素进行了量化分析,筛选出影响道路交通安全的主要因素和次要因素,并建立包含26种情景的情景库,同时进行案例分析。再次,利用3DMAX软件对城市道路、城镇道路、山区道路和高速公路四种道路情景进行简单动画建模,并在动画中设置了潜在危险点。方便与眼动仪结合进行试验,验证新了老驾驶员的差异性和设计情景的有效性。最后,对眼动仪与情景动画的实验进行设计,采集得到驾驶员的眼动数据,主要是注视、扫视及眨眼数据,以及注视点位置和眼睛位置坐标等,并对得到的数据进行分析筛选以获得有效数据。绘制注视散点图,并与情景图对比潜在危险点的注视点数目,通过分析得到熟练驾驶员对潜在危险点的注视点数目较新手驾驶员更多。对注视时间进行了对比分析,结果表明,熟练驾驶员的注视时间较新手更长。通过对比,同时也验证了情景设计的合理性和有效性。
[Abstract]:At present, the casualty rate of road traffic accidents in our country is still high, and the road traffic safety situation is very serious. The driver is the leader of the road traffic safety, many traffic accidents occur because the driver does not perceive and judge the potential danger in the traffic environment ahead of time, and can not take the avoidance measures in time, which leads to the occurrence of the accident. Therefore, improving the risk perception ability of the driver can effectively predict the potential danger in the traffic environment, and then reduce the occurrence of traffic accidents. Firstly, the road traffic safety system as a whole is analyzed. The effects of vehicle drivers, non-motor vehicle drivers, road grades, road alignment, road quality, road intersections, weather conditions and night conditions on road traffic safety are analyzed. The results show that many traffic accidents are caused by the illegal behavior of motor vehicle drivers. Secondly, the classification of traffic accidents in the past is summarized and analyzed. By summarizing the previous achievements, it is put forward that the dangerous situations are classified according to four common roads: city, town, mountain area and highway, and used for driver training. The characteristics of the four kinds of roads and the types of accidents that often occur on the roads are analyzed in detail. Based on the statistics of traffic accident data from 2011 to 2015, the factors influencing road traffic safety are analyzed quantitatively by using gray correlation analysis, and the main and secondary factors affecting road traffic safety are screened out. A database of 26 scenarios was established and case studies were carried out at the same time. Thirdly, 3DMAX software is used to model the four road scenarios of urban road, town road, mountain road and highway, and the potential danger points are set up in the animation. It is convenient to test with eye movement instrument to verify the difference of the old driver and the validity of the design scenario. Finally, the experiment of eye movement instrument and scene animation is designed, and the driver's eye movement data are collected, such as gaze, scan and blink, as well as the position of fixation point and the coordinate of eye position, etc. And the obtained data are analyzed and screened to obtain valid data. The number of fixation points of potential danger points is compared with that of scene maps. The number of fixation points of skilled drivers to potential danger points is more than that of novice drivers through analysis. The results show that the fixation time of the skilled driver is longer than that of the novice. Through comparison, the rationality and validity of scenario design are also verified.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U492.8

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