城市公共自行车车辆调度问题研究

发布时间：2018-05-05 20:28

本文选题：城市公共自行车 + 车辆调度　；参考：《长沙理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市机动化水平的快速提高,导致城市交通问题日趋严峻,严重制约城市发展。政府大力提倡发展公共交通系统,提高道路资源利用率,改善城市交通拥堵等问题。但公共交通系统难以解决“最后一公里问题”,在这样的情况下,公共自行车因其低碳环保、方便灵活的特点以及独特的短距离出行优势,在各大城市快速发展起来,满足于公共交通的“无缝对接”,实现“公交+公共自行车”的绿色交通出行模式。公共自行车的发展,有效的缓解了公交出行的“最后一公里问题”,但其在实际运营中产生了不少新的问题,其中最主要的问题是公共自行车调度问题,它直接影响了公共自行车系统的运营效果。本文主要对公共自行车交通特性、车辆调度存在的问题和公共自行车租赁点车辆调度三个问题进行研究。在公共自行车交通特性分析方面,针对企业运营模式以及公共自行车适应性和使用特征进行分析,指出公共自行车具有流动性和潮汐性的特点,并导致租赁点车辆不均衡的现象;对于公共自行车车辆调度存在的问题及原因分析方面,本论文以自行车实际运营过程中存在的问题和当前车辆调度研究理论的不足为研究前提,针对自行车调度不及时不合理的调度问题进行说明及分析,指出了合理及时的车辆调度方法可以有效的提高企业服务水平及自行车使用率;公共自行车调度问题是本论文的关键,通过构建带时间窗的基于车辆调度成本最小和车辆数最小的公共自行车调度模型,并综合考虑半开放式多车场的车辆调度以及乘客因等待产生的惩罚成本,设计禁忌搜索算法对问题进行求解,得出车辆调度路径,使得调度车辆数和调度成本均最小,并通过案例分析,表明本论文的研究成果和应用可以取得较好的效果。目前,公共自行车交通在政策、管理上都没有得到足够的重视,国内外学者对公共自行车调度问题的研究较少,因此有必要对公共自行车调度问题进行研究,这既有利于公共自行车交通的推广,也给公共自行车运营企业合理调度自行车提供了有效的办法。
[Abstract]:With the rapid improvement of motorization level, urban traffic problems become more and more serious, which seriously restrict the development of cities. The government strongly advocates the development of public transport system, improving the utilization of road resources, improving urban traffic congestion and other problems. However, the public transport system is difficult to solve the "last kilometer problem". Under such circumstances, public bicycles have developed rapidly in major cities because of their low carbon environmental protection, convenient and flexible characteristics and unique advantages of short distance travel. Satisfied with the "seamless docking" of public transportation, the green transportation mode of "public transport bicycle" is realized. The development of public bicycle has effectively alleviated the "last kilometer problem" of public transportation, but it has produced many new problems in actual operation, among which the most important problem is the problem of public bicycle scheduling. It directly affects the operation effect of public bicycle system. In this paper, the characteristics of public bicycle traffic, the existing problems of vehicle scheduling and the vehicle scheduling of public bicycle rental point are studied. In the aspect of public bicycle traffic characteristic analysis, aiming at enterprise operation mode, adaptability and usage characteristics of public bicycle, it is pointed out that public bicycle has the characteristics of fluidity and tide. It also leads to the phenomenon of vehicle imbalance in rental points, and analyzes the problems and causes of public bicycle vehicle scheduling. Based on the problems existing in the actual operation of bicycle and the deficiency of the current theory of vehicle scheduling, this paper explains and analyzes the untimely and unreasonable scheduling problem of bicycle scheduling. It is pointed out that reasonable and timely vehicle scheduling method can effectively improve the service level and bicycle utilization rate of enterprises, and the public bicycle scheduling problem is the key of this paper. By constructing a public bicycle scheduling model with time window based on minimum vehicle scheduling cost and minimum number of vehicles, and considering the vehicle scheduling of semi-open multi-depot and the penalty cost caused by passenger waiting, the vehicle scheduling model with time window is proposed. The Tabu search algorithm is designed to solve the problem, and the vehicle scheduling path is obtained, which makes the number of vehicles and the scheduling cost minimum. Through the case analysis, it is shown that the research results and applications of this paper can achieve better results. At present, the policy and management of public bicycle transportation have not been paid enough attention to, and scholars at home and abroad have done little research on public bicycle scheduling, so it is necessary to study the problem of public bicycle scheduling. This is not only conducive to the promotion of public bicycle traffic, but also to the public bicycle operation enterprises to provide an effective method for the rational scheduling of bicycles.
【学位授予单位】：长沙理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.225

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