浮动侧扫式船舶吃水检测系统的研究

发布时间：2018-05-12 09:56

本文选题：浮动侧扫式吃水检测 + 压电换能器　；参考：《大连海事大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：吃水检测作为三峡升船机船舶安全高效通航的关键因素,依赖于实时高效的船舶吃水检测系统。现有的船舶吃水检测系统有两种:一种是基于超声波的仰扫式船舶吃水检测系统;另一种是基于超声波的侧扫式船舶吃水检测系统。以上两种吃水检测系统的检测装置都采用固定安装方式,由于升船机引航道水位上下变化较大,不仅安装检修不便,而且影响系统吃水检测范围。为克服现有吃水检测方法存在的弊端,本文设计了浮动侧扫式船舶吃水检测系统。论文主要工作如下:首先构建球面波声场辐射模型,并分析声波水下传播特性。然后在研究了超声波换能器原理基础上,依据超声波发射换能器参数,得出了换能器在谐振状态下最佳匹配阻抗的计算方法。还详细分析了三电压法测换能器频带宽度的方法。论文设计的浮动侧扫式船舶吃水检测系统,通过将多个超声波发射阵列互成角度安装在浮体船上,以适应宽范围的船舶吃水检测。论文重点介绍了系统工作原理及模块设计。模块设计具体包括:发射调制模块采用对连续互补脉冲信号进行功放的方法,驱动换能器发射声波;为消除单频发射及多途效应对接收模块的影响,使能模块采用短时时分复用方式控制发射调制模块发射声波;接收模块将微弱超声波信号放大解调成直流信号;数据采集模块采用均值滤波方法消除数据采集过程中引入的二次噪声;数据融合模块负责将多路声波数据及水位信息融合成一帧数据;数据传输模块将数据通过光纤及RS485传给数据处理软件模块;数据处理软件模块采用基于超声波幅值强度的滤波、标记化处理、幅值细分等相关算法,得到船舶吃水值。为了消除超声波阵列通道间多途干扰,论文还提出了采用频域特征识别法解调超声波信号,硬件上采用低噪、宽频带运放对微弱超声波信号进行放大,放大后的信号经采集后,通过FFT变换得到的幅度谱对超声波信号进行识别提取。经过实验室和现场等不同实验环境的大量实验证明,该系统的技术方案可行,吃水测量精度满足设计要求,为后期系统进一步完善和提高打下了坚实的基础。
[Abstract]:As the key factor for the safe and efficient navigation of the ships of the Three Gorges ship lifting machine, the water test depends on the real-time and efficient ship draft detection system. There are two kinds of existing ship draft detection systems: one is ultrasonic based ship draught detection system, and the other is a side sweeping ship draft detection system based on hyper acoustic wave. The above two In order to overcome the disadvantages of the existing water test method, the floating side sweeping ship draft inspection system is designed. The main work of this paper is the main work of the paper. As follows: first, the radiation model of the spherical wave sound field is constructed and the underwater propagation characteristics of the acoustic wave are analyzed. Then, based on the principle of ultrasonic transducer, the calculation method of the optimal matching impedance in the resonant state is obtained based on the parameters of the ultrasonic emission transducer. The frequency band width of the three voltage measuring transducer is detailed and detailed. Method. The floating side sweep ship draft test system designed in this paper is installed on a floating ship by using multiple ultrasonic emission arrays on a floating vessel to adapt to a wide range of ship's draft. The paper focuses on the principle of the system and the design of the module. The module design includes the use of the modulation module for continuous complementary pulses. In order to eliminate the influence of single frequency emission and multipath effect on the receiving module, the energy module can control the transmitting modulation module using short time division multiplexing mode to control the transmitting sound wave, and the receiving module amplifies and demodulates the weak ultrasonic signal into DC signal; the data acquisition module uses the mean filter square. The method eliminates the two noise introduced in the process of data acquisition; the data fusion module is responsible for the fusion of the multiple sound wave data and the water level information into one frame of data; the data transmission module passes the data through the fiber and RS485 to the data processing software module; the data processing software module uses the filtering based on the amplitude intensity of the ultrasonic wave, marking the processing, and the amplitude of the data processing software module. In order to eliminate the multipath interference between the channels of the ultrasonic array, the paper also proposes a frequency domain feature recognition method to demodulate the ultrasonic signal, and the hardware uses low noise and wideband amplifier to amplify the weak ultrasonic signal, and the amplitude of the amplified signal is obtained by the FFT transform after the acquisition. The spectrum is used to identify and extract the ultrasonic signals. A large number of experiments in laboratory and field experiments show that the technical scheme of the system is feasible, the precision of the draft of the draft meets the design requirements, and it lays a solid foundation for the further improvement and improvement of the later system.

【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TP274;U693.4

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