考虑低碳因素的城市交通需求管理研究

发布时间：2018-05-13 06:48

本文选题：交通需求管理 + 双层规划模型　；参考：《西南交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为城市碳排放的主要贡献领域,我国交通运输行业在实现节能减排工作过程中遇到许多困难,一方面由于机动车保有量逐年增加；另一方面由于寻找新型替代燃料、燃料革新技术困难。因此,在面临机动车保有量增加和燃料技术革新困难的形势下,考虑碳排放因素,从管理角度对城市交通做出科学合理的决策显得尤为重要。目前,我国正处于工业化、城镇化和居民生活水平提高的时期,该时期交通需求的增长和机动化水平的提高导致了交通能源消耗和尾气排放保持较快增长。实现交通系统的节能减排目标不仅应致力于交通工具和燃料的创新,另一方面应致力于采取科学管理的手段,引导合理的出行行为,优化交通出行结构。目前交通工程领域所兴起的“交通需求管理”理念对实现交通系统的节能减排、引导居民低碳出行、实现环境改良等具有重要的指导意义。在交通需求管理相关理论研究中,更多的是针对缓解交通拥堵而言,关于它对城市交通碳排放的影响相对较少。在以上情况下,本文主要完成如下工作：第一,从四个层次着手分别对交通需求管理策略对碳排放的影响进行了分析,详细阐述了每个层次的交通需求管理策略的节能减排机理。以常见的第四层次的交通需求管理策略为例,对该层次策略下的出行者的出行阻抗进行了分析。第二,构建了考虑低碳因素的城市交通需求管理双层规划模型,这也是本文最核心和关键的部分。该模型上层规划目标综合考虑了碳排放、设施利用和成本效益三方面因素,下层规划为UE分配,并设计了求解该模型的遗传算法。第三,通过假设算例,对已构建的考虑低碳因素的双层规划模型进行实证分析。通过MATLAB编程对该案例进行求解,结果显示利用该模型可得到几种TDM策略中的最优策略方案。
[Abstract]:As the main contribution field of urban carbon emissions, China's transportation industry has encountered many difficulties in the process of energy saving and emission reduction. On the one hand, the number of motor vehicles has increased year by year; on the other hand, because of the search for new alternative fuels, Technical difficulties in fuel innovation. Therefore, in the face of increasing vehicle ownership and technical innovation of fuel, it is particularly important to consider carbon emission factors and make scientific and reasonable decisions on urban traffic from the perspective of management. At present, China is in the period of industrialization, urbanization and the improvement of residents' living standard. The growth of traffic demand and motorization level in this period has led to the rapid growth of traffic energy consumption and tail gas emissions. To achieve the goal of energy saving and emission reduction in transportation system, we should not only focus on the innovation of vehicle and fuel, but also take scientific management measures to guide reasonable travel behavior and optimize the structure of traffic travel. The concept of "traffic demand management" in the field of traffic engineering is of great significance to realize energy saving and emission reduction of transportation system, guide residents to travel with low carbon, and realize environmental improvement. In the theoretical research of traffic demand management, it is more focused on alleviating traffic congestion, and the impact on urban traffic carbon emissions is relatively small. In the above cases, the main work of this paper is as follows: first, the impact of traffic demand management strategy on carbon emissions is analyzed from four levels. The mechanism of energy saving and emission reduction of traffic demand management strategy at each level is described in detail. Taking the common fourth level traffic demand management strategy as an example, the travel impedance of the traveller under this level strategy is analyzed. Secondly, the urban traffic demand management bilevel programming model considering low-carbon factors is constructed, which is also the core and key part of this paper. The upper planning goal of the model considers three factors: carbon emission, facility utilization and cost efficiency. The lower level programming is allocated to UE, and a genetic algorithm is designed to solve the model. Thirdly, by using hypothetical examples, this paper makes an empirical analysis of the bilevel programming model with low carbon factor. The case is solved by MATLAB programming. The results show that the optimal strategy scheme of several TDM strategies can be obtained by using the model.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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