城市道路交通突发事件应急疏散策略研究

发布时间：2018-05-16 04:09

本文选题：城市道路交通突发事件 + 事件等级　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着近年来社会经济的快速发展,汽车保有量也大幅增加,导致城市道路交通系统供需矛盾日益增加,日常交通拥堵现象比较普遍,对日常交通组织和交通信号控制要求较高。近年来各类突发事件频繁发生,对城市交通系统带来严重的影响,会导致交通需求的剧增和城市交通网络结构的变化,需要在较短的时间内对城市道路交通突发事件发生区域内的人员进行救援和疏散,以保证人员安全和疏散效率。本文在对城市道路交通突发事件界定的基础上,从事件等级判定、应急交通组织和应急交通信号控制三个方面对城市道路交通突发事件应急疏散策略进行研究。首先,在分析城市道路交通突发事件特性的基础上,针对传统主要依据事件本身性质及其对社会影响来进行等级判定,没有考虑突发事件下交通系统特性及救援保障能力对应急疏散工作的影响,且多采用定性的事后分级,本文在考虑事件本身因素和应急交通组织因素的基础上,建立了城市道路交通突发事件影响因素判断指标体系,利用模糊层次分析法进行权重计算,从而构建了城市道路交通突发事件等级判定模型。其次,在对常规交通组织方式分析的基础上,结合网络变结构控制理论,对应急状态下的路段和交叉口组织方式进行分析,构建基于车道建模的应急交通网络模型和相应动态交通分配模型,并利用宏观仿真软件TransCAD对其进行求解,设计了应急交通组织方案生成与优化流程。然后,在对城市道路突发事件下交叉口交通流特性分析的基础上,结合相应的应急交通组织方式,从“绿波”交通控制的原理出发,分别研究了无应急救援车辆行驶的单向交通组织情况下的单向“绿波”交通控制模型和有应急救援车辆行驶的单向交通和专用道结合交通组织情况下的双向不等宽“绿波”交通控制模型,并利用Synchro软件对“绿波”交通控制模型进行了配时设计和优化。最后,本文以兰州市城关区酒泉路附近突发火灾为例,分别对事件等级判断模型,应急交通组织方式和应急交通信号控制方案进行了验证,并通过微观仿真软件VISSIM对采用应急交通组织和信号控制前后交通网络运行特性进行仿真对比分析。本文以城市道路交通突发事件为研究对象,分别利用三角模糊数和模糊层次分析法、网络变结构控制原理以及基于车道建模的网络模型等方面的知识,对应急疏散策略进行研究,并借助不同交通仿真软件来验证文中方法的可行性和实施应急疏散策略后的效果。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy in recent years, the number of vehicles has increased dramatically, which leads to the increasing contradiction between supply and demand of urban road traffic system, the daily traffic congestion is relatively common, and the requirements of daily traffic organization and traffic signal control are higher. In recent years, the frequent occurrence of all kinds of unexpected events has brought serious impact on the urban traffic system, which will lead to a sharp increase in traffic demand and changes in the urban traffic network structure. In order to ensure the safety and efficiency of evacuation, it is necessary to rescue and evacuate the people in the emergency area of urban road traffic in a short time. Based on the definition of urban road traffic emergencies, this paper studies the emergency evacuation strategy of urban road traffic emergencies from three aspects: emergency rating, emergency traffic organization and emergency traffic signal control. First of all, on the basis of analyzing the characteristics of urban road traffic emergencies, the traditional classification is mainly based on the nature of the event itself and its impact on the society. The impact of traffic system characteristics and rescue support ability on emergency evacuation is not considered, and qualitative classification is often used. This paper considers the factors of incident itself and emergency traffic organization. The index system of judging the influencing factors of urban road traffic emergencies is established, and the weight calculation is carried out by using the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP), thus the model of judging the grade of urban road traffic emergencies is constructed. Secondly, based on the analysis of the conventional traffic organization mode, combined with the network variable structure control theory, the road section and intersection organization mode under the emergency state are analyzed. The emergency traffic network model based on lane modeling and the corresponding dynamic traffic assignment model are constructed and solved by the macro simulation software TransCAD. The emergency traffic organization scheme generation and optimization process are designed. Then, based on the analysis of traffic flow characteristics of intersection under urban road emergencies, combined with the corresponding emergency traffic organization, starting from the principle of "green wave" traffic control, The one-way "green wave" traffic control model without the one-way traffic organization of emergency rescue vehicles and the bidirectional inequality of one-way traffic with emergency rescue vehicles and special lanes combined with traffic organization are studied respectively. Wide "green wave" traffic control model, Synchro software is used to design and optimize the green wave traffic control model. Finally, taking the sudden fire near Jiuquan Road in Chengguan District of Lanzhou City as an example, this paper verifies the judgment model of event grade, the organization mode of emergency traffic and the control scheme of emergency traffic signal, respectively. The traffic network operation characteristics before and after emergency traffic organization and signal control are compared and analyzed by microscopic simulation software VISSIM. In this paper, the urban road traffic emergencies as the research object, using triangular fuzzy number and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process, network variable structure control principle and network model based on lane modeling, etc. This paper studies the emergency evacuation strategy and verifies the feasibility of the method and the effect after the implementation of the emergency evacuation strategy with the help of different traffic simulation software.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

【参考文献】