广州港主航道优化研究

发布时间：2018-05-18 04:16

本文选题：港口 + 航道　；参考：《集美大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：港口系统是一个复杂的系统,其中航道是港口系统的重要组成部分,是港口水路运输的基本要素之一。广州港主航道的主要特点是航道狭长,自然水深不足,转向点多,交通密度大,小船航道与大船航道交汇点多。基于广州港主航道的特点,对航道升级建设投资大,建设周期长,短时间内难以完成航道的升级建设工程,容易造成航道升级滞后,航道的等级与港口的发展需求不匹配,制约港口的发展;假如对港口发展前景盲目乐观,定位失误,一次性投资过大,容易造成财产及资源浪费。因此,对广州港主航道进行科学的优化研究有重要的指导意义。由于港口的发展及到港船舶大型化,广州港主航道的通过能力已经与港口发展的需求已经出现不匹配的情况。一方面,随着港口吞吐量的增加,到港船舶不断增多,航道的交通压力也不断增大,在港口潮汐高潮前后大批大型船舶排队进港,由于广州港主航道狭长,影响船舶航行速度因素众多,出现航道堵塞的现象经常出现。另一方面,随着到港船舶大型化,航道的级别不能满足一定吨级以上船舶双向通行的需求,当该级别的船舶进出港时,只能实施交通管制,让大型船舶单向通行;这严重影响了航道的使用效率,进一步制约了港口的发展。在航道级别不升级建设的前提下,航道的通过能力不能满足港口发展需求的问题将日渐明显。本论文对广州港的货物吞吐量及到港船舶类型进行分析,并从航道通过货物的能力及航道通过船舶的能力两方面进行量化计算;分析广州港主航道的级别与港口发展需求的匹配性。通过腹地经济的发展状况,计算并预测未来一定时间内广州港主航道腹地港口的货物吞吐量,量化计算出与相应吞吐量匹配的航道级别。通过对到港大型船舶的分析,计算出满足到港大型船舶的航行要求的航道级别。将满足周边港口货物吞吐量的航道级别与满足到港大型船舶通航要求的航道级别进行对比,得出与港口发展需求匹配的航道级别,为航道建设提出优化方案。文章最后利用航道服务水平的概念,验证优化方案的可行性。同时从航道通过货物的能力及通过船舶的能力两方面,结合广州港的实际情况,为提高航道的通过能力提出相应的优化措施。论文的研究工作及资料都基于港口的实际情况,研究结果对港口的航道优化具有一定的指导意义。
[Abstract]:Port system is a complex system, in which channel is an important part of port system and one of the basic elements of port waterway transportation. The main characteristics of the main waterway of Guangzhou Port are narrow waterway, insufficient natural water depth, many turning points, high traffic density, and many intersection points between the boat channel and the big ship channel. Based on the characteristics of the main waterway of Guangzhou Port, it is difficult to complete the upgrading of the waterway in a short time because of the large investment in the upgrading of the waterway, the long construction period and the difficulty in completing the upgrading of the waterway in a short period of time. Restrict the development of the port; if the port development prospects blind optimism, positioning errors, one-time investment too large, easy to cause property and resource waste. Therefore, the scientific optimization of the main waterway of Guangzhou Port is of great significance. Due to the development of the port and the large scale of the ships arriving at the port, the capacity of the main waterway of Guangzhou Port has been mismatched with the demand of the port development. On the one hand, with the increase of port throughput, the number of ships arriving at the port is increasing, and the traffic pressure on the waterway is also increasing. Before and after the tidal climax of the port, a large number of large ships line up to enter the port, because the main waterway of Guangzhou Port is narrow and narrow. There are many factors affecting the speed of navigation, and the phenomenon of waterway blockage often occurs. On the other hand, with the arrival of large ships, the waterway level can not meet the requirements of a certain tonnage above the two-way passage of ships, when the class of ships entering and leaving the port, can only implement traffic control, let large ships one-way traffic; This seriously affected the efficiency of the use of waterways and further restricted the development of the port. On the premise of not upgrading the waterway level, the problem that the passage capacity can not meet the port development needs will become more and more obvious. This paper analyzes the cargo throughput and vessel type of Guangzhou Port, and calculates quantitatively the capacity of cargo passing through the waterway and the capacity of the ship passing through the waterway. This paper analyzes the matching between the grade of Guangzhou main channel and port development demand. Through the development of the hinterland economy, the cargo throughput of the port in the hinterland of the main channel of Guangzhou Port in the future is calculated and forecasted, and the corresponding waterway level is calculated quantitatively. Based on the analysis of large ships arriving in port, the channel levels which meet the navigation requirements of large ships arriving at port are calculated. By comparing the waterway grade which satisfies the cargo throughput of the surrounding port with the channel level which meets the navigation requirements of large ships to port, the waterway grade matching with the port development demand is obtained, and the optimized scheme for waterway construction is put forward. Finally, by using the concept of waterway service level, the feasibility of the optimization scheme is verified. At the same time, according to the actual situation of Guangzhou Port, the paper puts forward the corresponding optimization measures to improve the passage capacity of waterway from two aspects: the capacity of goods passing through the waterway and the capacity of passing through the ship. The research work and data of this paper are based on the actual situation of the port, and the research results have certain guiding significance for the channel optimization of the port.
【学位授予单位】：集美大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U612

【参考文献】