城市交通复杂网络拥堵机理及消散控制策略研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 10:18

本文选题：城市交通网络 + 元胞自动机理论　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国城市交通拥堵问题是影响人们出行顺畅的主要因素,城市交通拥堵主要是因为现阶段我国的经济快速发展,全国各大城市以及地方城市逐渐扩大规模,与此同时汽车保有量逐年上升。道路出现堵塞带来的一系列交通问题、出行者出行时间延误问题、经济损失问题、环境污染问题等给人们的日常生活造成很大影响。为此,只有对道路交通拥堵的产生机理、传播特征进行详细深入的研究,才能制定出科学的方案来满足出行者的出行需求。由此可见研究城市交通拥堵问题对城市发展以及社会前进有重要意义。当前国内外诸多学者和学术界对城市交通拥堵这个热点问题进行关注和研究,本文是在借鉴和吸收国内外学术研究成果的基础上,以元胞自动机理论、复杂网络理论以及交通流理论为指导,以Matlab计算机平台为主要仿真方法,对经典NaSch模型和BML模型以及改进的NaSch和BML耦合模型进行了探讨、通过分别模拟交通事故点的时空分布与路网相继故障问题对城市交通网络的影响,分析并得到了重要结论。论文的主要研究内容如下:首先介绍了元胞自动机理论在交通中的应用,在分析了城市交通系统复杂性与复杂网络之间关系的基础上,阐明了城市交通拥堵问题的实质就是复杂网络中级联失效问题,并在下文中从两个不同的学术方面对交通拥堵问题进行详细阐述;同时对交通流理论中的重要指标进行了介绍,为下文城市交通复杂网络拥堵特性及控制方法的研究提供了新的思路和方向。其次借用Nagatani的建模思想,建立NaSch和BML耦合模型的扩展模型(ChSch模型),给出改进的NaSch和BML耦合模型建立的初始条件,交通事故的定义和事故点空间分布的定义,深入探讨并研究了ChSch模型的全局集簇现象和路网中交通流发生相变的临界密度,数值模拟了交通事故数量、交通事故时间分布、交通事故空间分布对于城市路网交通流的影响,最终得出了一些有意义的结论。最后采用复杂网络理论中的对偶法将传统的城市道路交通网络构造成为具有小世界特性的逻辑网络图,并构造出城市道路交通的复杂网络。在分析该网络模型并对比其它复杂网络后,提出道路交通复杂网络具有时延性、恢复性等特性,运用复杂网络相继故障模型进行仿真模拟。模拟结果显示,不同的时延、不同的事故消散因子以及不同的道路负荷能力可以合理的避免相继故障的发生,并且能够更好的解除相继故障所产生的影响。对道路交通网络的构建以及对道路网络相继故障的预防、解除具有一定的参考意义和理论指导价值。针对第3章和第4章研究的结论,论文最后给出了一些治理拥堵的策略,分别从拥堵的预防和疏导两个方面进行了详细的探讨,这为交通管理者制定拥堵措施以及对城市交通拥堵的预防和消散具有重要的参考价值。
[Abstract]:The problem of urban traffic congestion in China is the main factor affecting the smooth travel of people. Urban traffic congestion is mainly due to the rapid economic development of our country at the present stage, and the scale of major cities and local cities in the country is gradually expanding. At the same time, the number of cars has increased year by year. A series of traffic problems caused by road congestion, travel time delay, economic loss, environmental pollution and so on, have a great impact on people's daily life. Therefore, only by studying the generation mechanism and propagation characteristics of traffic congestion in detail, can we formulate a scientific scheme to meet the travel needs of travelers. It can be seen that the study of urban traffic congestion is of great significance to urban development and social progress. At present, many scholars and academics at home and abroad pay close attention to and study the hot issue of urban traffic congestion. This paper is based on the theory of cellular automata based on the reference and absorption of academic research results at home and abroad. Under the guidance of complex network theory and traffic flow theory, the classical NaSch model and BML model and the improved NaSch and BML coupling model are discussed with the Matlab computer platform as the main simulation method. Based on the simulation of the spatial and temporal distribution of traffic accident points and the influence of road network failures on urban traffic network, the important conclusions are obtained. The main contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, the application of cellular automata in traffic is introduced, and the relationship between the complexity of urban traffic system and complex networks is analyzed. This paper expounds that the essence of urban traffic congestion is cascade failure in complex networks, and expounds the traffic congestion problem in detail from two different academic aspects below, and introduces the important indexes of traffic flow theory. It provides a new idea and direction for the study of congestion characteristics and control methods of urban traffic complex network. Secondly, by using the idea of Nagatani, the extended model of NaSch and BML coupling model is established. The initial conditions of the improved NaSch and BML coupling model, the definition of traffic accident and the definition of the spatial distribution of accident point are given. The global clustering phenomenon of ChSch model and the critical density of the phase transition of traffic flow in the road network are discussed and studied. The effects of the number of traffic accidents, the time distribution of traffic accidents and the spatial distribution of traffic accidents on the traffic flow in urban road network are numerically simulated. Finally, some meaningful conclusions are drawn. Finally, the dual method of complex network theory is used to construct the traditional urban road traffic network into a logic network graph with small-world characteristics, and a complex network of urban road traffic is constructed. After analyzing the network model and comparing with other complex networks, the paper proposes that the road traffic complex network has the characteristics of delay and recovery, and uses the complex network successive fault model to carry on the simulation. The simulation results show that different delay, different accident dissipation factors and different road load capacity can reasonably avoid the occurrence of successive failures, and can better eliminate the impact of successive failures. It has certain reference significance and theoretical guiding value for the construction of road traffic network and the prevention of successive failures of road network. Based on the conclusions of chapter 3 and chapter 4, the paper gives some strategies to control congestion, and discusses the prevention and diversion of congestion in detail. It has important reference value for traffic managers to make congestion measures and to prevent and dissipate urban traffic congestion.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.2

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