快捷货物运输通道内各种运输方式运量分担率研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 11:50

本文选题：快捷货运通道 + 运量分担率　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国电子商务的发展,使整个社会对具有小批量、多批次和高时效性特点的快捷货物的运输需求越来越大,这使得同一快捷货运通道中并存的各种运输方式的运输企业为争夺运量展开激烈的竞争。所以研究多种运输方式在快捷货运通道中的竞争关系对优化运输资源配置有一定的意义。本文在此背景下,通过总结快捷货物运输的国内外研究现状,对快捷货运通道内不同运输方式的定价策略和运量分担率进行研究。首先,分析快捷货物和快捷货运通道的特点及相关定义。基于货运市场发展现状,比较快捷货运通道内普通铁路、高速铁路、航空运输和高速公路这四种常见运输方式的优缺点及他们的运输组织情况,找出在快捷货运通道中四种运输方式存在的问题和面临的市场挑战。其次通过分析各运输方式运量分担的影响因素,将运价、时效性、安全度、可靠度和便捷度作为衡量货主效用的指标,并逐一做定量处理,从而建立货主对运输方式的效用函数,最后构建指标评价体系,用基于线性规划的层次分析法确定效用函数中各指标的权重。随后先建立运输方式的广义收益函数,然后通过分析快捷货运通道内各种运输方式之间协调交互的关系,将各种运输方式和货主分别作为博弈方,构建一个博弈空间,以运输方式的广义收益最大为目标和以货主的效用最大为目标建立完全信息动态博弈模型。模型中的运价是联系变量,当货主期望的运价和各种运输方式制定的运价在理论上相等时,运量分担率也趋于稳定,即博弈达到均衡状态,同时设计了求解模型博弈均衡的算法。最后以兰州至西安间快件运输为例,利用建立的模型计算普通铁路、高速铁路、航空和高速公路四种运输方式的广义收益和货主的效用,用Matlab编程实现了设计的算法,并最终求得博弈均衡状态下的运价和四种运输方式的运量分担率,验证了模型的实效性。
[Abstract]:With the development of electronic commerce in our country, the whole society needs more and more fast goods with the characteristics of small batch, multiple batches and high timeliness. This makes all kinds of transportation enterprises in the same express freight corridor compete fiercely for volume. Therefore, it is significant to study the competitive relationship of multiple transport modes in the express freight corridor for optimizing the allocation of transportation resources. In this context, by summarizing the domestic and foreign research status of express freight transport, this paper studies the pricing strategy and volume sharing rate of different transport modes in the express freight corridor. First of all, the characteristics and related definitions of express cargo and express freight corridor are analyzed. Based on the current development of the freight transport market, the advantages and disadvantages of the four common modes of transport, namely, the ordinary railway, the high-speed railway, the air transport and the highway, and their transport organization are compared. Find out the problems and market challenges of the four modes of transport in the express freight corridor. Secondly, by analyzing the factors that affect the share of transportation volume, the freight rate, timeliness, safety, reliability and convenience are taken as the indexes to measure the utility of the cargo owner, and the quantitative treatment is done one by one. The utility function of the cargo owner to the transportation mode is established. Finally, the evaluation system of the index is constructed, and the weight of each index in the utility function is determined by the analytic hierarchy process based on linear programming. Then the generalized income function of the transportation mode is established first, and then by analyzing the relationship between the various modes of transportation in the express freight transport channel, the various modes of transport and the owner of the freight are taken as the game parties respectively, and a game space is constructed. The dynamic game model of complete information is established with the goal of the maximum generalized income of the transportation mode and the maximum utility of the cargo owner. The freight rate in the model is a related variable. When the freight rate expected by the owner and the freight rate formulated by various modes of transportation are equal in theory, the sharing rate of the freight volume tends to be stable, that is, the game reaches equilibrium state. At the same time, a model game equilibrium algorithm is designed. Finally, taking the express transportation between Lanzhou and Xi'an as an example, using the established model to calculate the generalized income and the utility of the cargo owner of the four modes of transportation, such as ordinary railway, high-speed railway, aviation and highway, the design algorithm is realized by Matlab programming. Finally, the freight rate and the share rate of the four modes of transportation under the equilibrium state of the game are obtained, and the effectiveness of the model is verified.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U116

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