高速公路特殊路段交通流仿真研究

发布时间：2018-05-19 13:08

本文选题：高速公路 + 施工养护路段　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：面对仅依靠传统新建和扩建方式增加道路资源以维持交通需求日益增长的局面和交通拥堵日渐成常态的现状,文中以高速公路特殊路段为研究对象,在深入分析特殊路段交通流运行特性的基础上,运用改进的元胞自动机理论对特殊路段交通流特性及空间演进机理进行了仿真研究,模拟了在不同运行规则及限行条件下的交通流集结与消散的全过程,并针对具体情形提出了对应的管制对策,可为公路决策者科学合理调控路网流量时空分布、缓解高峰时段交通拥堵、实现道路资源优化配置提供一定的参考。本文研究的内容主要包括:论文的缘起、意义及思路的提出。从高速公路交通流研究的理论方法、仿真手段及管控治理等层面入手分析,结合现阶段交通实际,详细阐述了论文的研究内容、基本思路及实现方法。高速公路交通流相关理论综述。从宏观、介观和微观方面对交通流理论及模型进行了阐述;从起源、原理及发展方面对交通波理论进行了分析;从定义、特征、分类及应用方面对元胞自动机理论进行了综述。高速公路交通流特性分析及其CA模型的构建。从基本路段交通流特性入手分析,以交通波理论为指导,对高速公路施工养护路段及隧道路段交通流进行了深入研究。以双向四车道高速公路为例,重新定义了特殊路段内车流的运行状态,通过分析路段内车流的时空分布特征,揭示了特殊路段各关键节点处车流状态间的转化机理。针对施工养护路段,建立了考虑封闭车道数、养护时间及上游路段交通流大小的时空影响模型,对特殊路段上游车流排队长度及影响时间进行了推理和确定。在此基础上充分考虑特殊路段的运行规则及限行条件,构建了改进的元胞自动机高速公路特殊路段交通流模型,为开展进一步深入研究提供了先提条件。高速公路特殊路段交通流仿真研究。基于改进的CA模型,分别就高速公路基本路段和特殊路段内交通流的时空演化过程进行了模拟研究。针对基本路段的仿真结果表明随着车流密度的增加,快慢车道内的交通流都呈现出不同程度的拥堵态势;针对施工养护路段,分别就封闭路段比例不同和封闭车道类型不同两种情形进行了仿真分析,研究发现施工养护对路段车流运行有明显影响,在[0.05,0.45]的密度区间内改变尤为显著,且封闭快车道对车流的影响要比在同水平下封闭慢车道时小,同时发现封闭路段越长对车流的影响就越大;针对隧道路段,就车流到达密度不同和车种混行比例不同两种情形进行了模拟,结果显示隧道出入口处的明暗效应对车流的影响尤为明显,增加车辆在出口处的驶离概率是解决方法之一,同时发现隧道内车辆的通行效率随车种混行比例S及参与隧道长度的增加而降低。最后针对特殊路段在交通管制方面存在的不足提出了相应的对策及建议。
[Abstract]:In the face of the situation of increasing traffic demand and traffic congestion, which only depends on the traditional way of building and expanding the road resources, this paper takes the special section of highway as the research object. Based on the deep analysis of traffic flow characteristics of special sections, the traffic flow characteristics and spatial evolution mechanism of special sections are simulated by using the improved cellular automata theory. This paper simulates the whole process of traffic flow concentration and dissipation under different operation rules and restricted conditions, and puts forward corresponding control countermeasures in view of specific circumstances, which can be used to control the space-time distribution of road network flow scientifically and reasonably for highway decision makers. To alleviate traffic congestion during rush hour and to optimize the allocation of road resources provide a certain reference. The main contents of this paper include: the origin of the paper, significance and ideas. This paper starts with the theoretical method, simulation means and management and control management of expressway traffic flow, and expounds in detail the research contents, basic ideas and implementation methods of the paper. Summary of relevant theories of Expressway Traffic flow. Traffic flow theory and model are expounded from macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic aspects, traffic wave theory is analyzed from origin, principle and development, and cellular automata theory is summarized from definition, characteristics, classification and application. Analysis of Expressway Traffic flow characteristics and Construction of CA Model. Based on the analysis of the traffic flow characteristics of the basic road sections and guided by the traffic wave theory, the traffic flow of the highway construction and maintenance sections and the tunnel sections are studied in depth. Taking the two-way four-lane expressway as an example, this paper redefines the running state of the vehicle flow in a special section. By analyzing the space-time distribution characteristics of the traffic flow in the section, the transformation mechanism between the traffic flow states at the key nodes in the special section is revealed. A spatial-temporal model considering the number of closed lanes, the maintenance time and the traffic flow size of the upstream section is established for the construction and maintenance section. The queue length and the influence time of the traffic flow in the upper reaches of the special section are deduced and determined. On this basis, the traffic flow model of the special section of the highway with cellular automata is constructed, which provides the first condition for further research. Simulation Research on Traffic flow in Special Section of Expressway. Based on the improved CA model, the spatiotemporal evolution process of traffic flow in basic and special sections of expressway is simulated. The simulation results of the basic section show that with the increase of the traffic density, the traffic flow in the fast slow lane shows a different degree of congestion. The simulation analysis of different proportion of closed section and different type of closed lane is carried out respectively. It is found that construction maintenance has obvious influence on the traffic flow of road section, especially in the density range of [0.05 ~ 0.45]. The effect of closed freeway on traffic flow is smaller than that of closed slow lane at the same level. At the same time, it is found that the longer the closed section is, the greater the impact on the traffic flow. The simulation results show that the light and dark effect at the entrance and exit of the tunnel is especially obvious, and increasing the departure probability of the vehicle at the exit is one of the solutions. At the same time, it is found that the traffic efficiency of the vehicles in the tunnel decreases with the increase of the proportion S and the length of the involved tunnel. Finally, the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward in view of the shortage of traffic control in the special section.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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