基于整车安全性的汽车安全气囊模块的试验研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 02:33

本文选题：汽车安全性 + 安全气囊　；参考：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着社会的不断进步，汽车销量的急剧增加，交通事故日益频繁和严重。在欧洲、美国、日本等一些汽车工业发达的国家，交通事故伤亡率普遍偏高，死亡人数达到总人数的70%多。在中国，随着社会的发展，交通事故的数量虽然逐步降低，但是交通事故的伤亡率却逐渐上升，这表明中国汽车安全性能有待提高。因此，提高汽车安全性能，保护车内乘员、路上行人及其他弱势群体成为各国政府、汽车制造企业、科研机构和消费者日益关注的问题。汽车商家研发机构要持续不断的对气囊进行技术改进，以满足人们对安全性能的需求，同时希望技术的改进能带来更佳的汽车性能，这样才能取得市场份额。气囊是汽车安全系统必备的零部件，对于保护乘员安全、降低乘员伤害具有非常重要的作用。当发生汽车碰撞时气囊爆炸似的迅速展开，使乘客与比较软的气囊接触，避免乘员与车内其他零部件发生二次碰撞，尽可能的降低乘员伤害。汽车安全气囊的展开性能关乎安全气囊是否有效的减少乘员伤害保护乘员安全，气囊静态展开的工作性能作为气囊研发和制造的重要参考数据。因此，有必要针对安全气囊展开性能测试展开深入研究。本文基于整车安全性，以汽车安全气囊为研究对象，，阅读了国内外安全气囊相关文献，概括了汽车安全系统和汽车安全气囊的发展历程以及国内外研究现状。首先介绍汽车安全气囊的结构组成、分类、折叠方法、工作原理及其测试方法；然后介绍了常用的气囊静态展开试验，并着重介绍头锤跌落静态起爆试验，分析气囊静态展开性能参数的重要性。运用压强计算方程、气体压缩能方程和气体流速方程，设计能够吸收缓冲气囊展开的爆发力的缓冲方法；根据作用力与反作用力大小相等的原理，设计直接测出气囊反作用力的测试方法，并针对动态特性进行分析，降低试验误差。总结以上方法原理并结合静态展开试验和相关标准，设计一种能循环使用并能在实验中一次测量气囊的启动时间、展开时间、反作用力、展开的角速度和加速度等多种工作性能的综合测试试验台，主要介绍气囊展开速度及加速度缓冲装置和反作用力测试装置两部分的机械结构。通过所设计的试验台测得的数据可以用于判断气囊静态展开的工作性能，并且测得的数据还可以为气囊、车身骨架和仪表板等零部件的制造与生产提供参考。然后运用所设计的试验台针对某一型号汽车安全气囊进行静态展开性能测试试验，并对试验测试所得结果进行分析，检验所设计的试验台的可靠性。通过所设计的试验台测试所得数据分析利用有限元仿真软件针对安全气囊与仪表板等汽车零部件之间的安全匹配进行仿真，为汽车安全气囊、车身骨架、仪表板的设计提供重要的数据依据，最后对本文内容进行归纳与总结，并对本课题研究提出进一步展望。
[Abstract]:With the development of society and the rapid increase of automobile sales, traffic accidents are becoming more and more frequent and serious. In Europe, the United States, Japan and other countries with developed automobile industries, the casualty rate of traffic accidents is generally high, with the death toll reaching more than 70 percent of the total. In China, with the development of society, the number of traffic accidents is decreasing gradually, but the casualty rate of traffic accidents is rising gradually, which indicates that the safety performance of Chinese cars needs to be improved. Therefore, improving vehicle safety performance, protecting occupants, pedestrians and other vulnerable groups has become a growing concern of governments, automobile manufacturers, scientific research institutions and consumers. In order to meet the demand of safety performance, the R & D organization of automobile business should continuously improve the technology of airbag to meet the demand of safety performance, and hope that the improvement of technology can bring about better performance of automobile, so as to gain market share. Airbag is an essential part of automobile safety system, which plays an important role in protecting occupant safety and reducing crew injury. When the car collides, the airbag explodes rapidly, which makes the passenger contact with the softer airbag, avoids the second collision between the occupant and other parts in the vehicle, and reduces the injury of the occupant as much as possible. The deployment performance of automobile airbag is related to whether the airbag can effectively reduce the occupant injury to protect the occupant safety. The performance of airbag static deployment is an important reference data for the development and manufacture of airbag. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct in-depth research on airbag performance testing. Based on the safety of the whole vehicle, this paper takes the automobile airbag as the research object, reads the domestic and foreign literature about the airbag, summarizes the development course of the automobile safety system and the automobile safety airbag and the present research situation at home and abroad. This paper first introduces the structure, classification, folding method, working principle and test method of automobile airbag, then introduces the commonly used static expansion test of airbag, and emphatically introduces the static detonation test of head hammer drop. The importance of performance parameters of airbag static expansion is analyzed. Using the pressure calculation equation, the gas compression energy equation and the gas velocity equation, the buffer method which can absorb the exploding force of the buffer airbag is designed, according to the principle that the action force and the reaction force are equal to each other, the pressure calculation equation, the gas compression energy equation and the gas velocity equation are used. The test method of direct measurement of the reaction force of air bag is designed, and the dynamic characteristic is analyzed to reduce the test error. Summing up the above methods and combining with the static expansion test and related standards, a kind of airbag start-up time, expansion time, reaction force that can be recycled and can be measured once in the experiment is designed. This paper introduces the mechanical structure of the air bag expansion speed and acceleration buffer device and the reaction force test device. The measured data can be used to judge the performance of the static expansion of the airbag, and the measured data can also provide a reference for the manufacture and production of parts such as airbag, body skeleton and dashboard. Then the static performance test of a certain type of automobile airbag is carried out by using the designed test bed, and the results of the test are analyzed to verify the reliability of the designed test bed. According to the test data of the designed test bench, the finite element simulation software is used to simulate the safety matching between the airbag and the dashboard, which is the automobile airbag, the body skeleton, etc. The design of instrument board provides important data basis. Finally, the content of this paper is summarized and the further research prospect is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.61

【参考文献】