基于双车正撞事故统计的人体损伤仿真研究

发布时间：2018-05-20 14:32

本文选题：碰撞相容 + 交通事故统计　；参考：《清华大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：现实道路事故中发生碰撞的两车质量、类型和前端结构的几何外形等参数存在着较大差异。同时,其碰撞速度、角度以及区域等工况参数也不尽相同。基于交通事故数据,进行车辆和碰撞工况对乘员损伤风险的影响分析十分必要。人体有限元模型根据真实的人体结构所开发,具备详细的人体器官、骨骼以及肌肉结构特征,能够真实地展现出人体在碰撞过程中的损伤机理和损伤形式。利用人体有限元模型开展乘员的损伤分析和约束系统开发已成为汽车被动安全领域的一个趋势。本文首先在NASS-CDS数据库的基础上,分别研究了在不同碰撞工况下轿车与轿车、轿车与LTV两种车型之间的驾驶员受到严重损伤的风险值。建立了轿车与LTV碰撞结构有限元模型,通过子模型方法将两车碰撞边界节点信息输入到包含THUMS人体模型的轿车乘员舱子模型,实现了人体损伤的准确高效模拟。选取碰撞区域作为研究对象,详细分析了全宽碰撞区域、左侧2/3碰撞区域以及左侧1/3碰撞区域下的THUMS人体模型头部、胸部以及下肢的损伤情况。交通事故统计表明,质量比是影响双车碰撞中轿车乘员受到严重损伤风险的重要因素。相比于斜向碰撞(11点钟和1点钟方向),纯正向(12点钟方向)双车碰撞中驾驶员受到的严重损伤风险最高。在轿车与轿车碰撞中,随着车辆碰撞区域的减小,轻车驾驶员相对于重车驾驶员受到的严重损伤风险逐渐减小。而在轿车与LTV碰撞中,不同碰撞区域下轿车驾驶员受到的严重损伤风险都大于LTV驾驶员。人体模型损伤分析表明,随着碰撞区域的减小,头部合成加速度的峰值随之减小。颅脑在这三种碰撞工况下的最大主应变主要处于10%以下。胸部最大压缩量出现在胸部中间部位的右侧,且随着碰撞区域的减小而降低。而胸部骨骼的Von Mises应力峰值达到100 MPa以上。乘员下肢股骨轴向力远小于10 k N的限力水平。随着碰撞区域的减小,左侧股骨的轴向力有增大的趋势,而右侧股骨的轴向力则有减小的趋势。左小腿胫骨、腓骨的应力则都小于右小腿胫骨、腓骨的应力水平。
[Abstract]:There are great differences in the mass, type and geometry of front end structure between the two vehicles in real road accidents. At the same time, the impact velocity, angle and region parameters are also different. Based on the traffic accident data, it is necessary to analyze the impact of vehicle and collision conditions on occupant injury risk. The finite element model of human body is developed according to the real human body structure and has detailed characteristics of human organs, bones and muscles. It can show the damage mechanism and form of human body in collision process. It has become a trend in the field of passive safety to develop the damage analysis and restraint system of the occupants by using the human finite element model. On the basis of NASS-CDS database, this paper studies the risk of serious damage to the drivers of cars and cars, sedan and LTV under different collision conditions. The finite element model of the collision structure between car and LTV is established, and the information of the boundary node of the two cars is input into the passenger compartment model containing the THUMS human body model by submodel method, which realizes the accurate and efficient simulation of human body damage. The THUMS head, chest and lower extremity injuries in the full-width impact region, the left two-thirds impact area and the left one third impact area were analyzed in detail. Traffic accident statistics show that mass ratio is an important factor that affects the risk of serious injury of passenger car occupants in a double car collision. Compared with the oblique collision at 11 o'clock and 1 o'clock, the driver is at the highest risk of serious injury in a double car collision in the pure direction of 12 o'clock. In the collision between car and car, with the decrease of the impact area, the risk of serious damage to the light vehicle driver is gradually reduced compared with the heavy car driver. However, in the collision between car and LTV, the risk of serious damage to the driver in different impact areas is higher than that of LTV driver. The damage analysis of the human model shows that the peak of the head synthetic acceleration decreases with the decrease of the impact area. The maximum principal strain of craniocerebral under these three collision conditions is below 10%. The maximal chest compression occurs on the right side of the middle part of the chest and decreases with the decrease of the impact area. The peak value of Von Mises stress in thoracic bone was more than 100 MPa. The axial force of the lower extremity femur of the occupants was much less than the limiting force level of 10 KN. With the decrease of the impact area, the axial force of the left femur increases and the axial force of the right femur decreases. The stress levels of left shin and fibula were lower than that of right shin.
【学位授予单位】：清华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.3;U467.14

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