车载自组网中路况信息获取的路由协议与动态路径选择算法

发布时间：2018-05-20 14:34

本文选题：车载自组网 + 信息获取　；参考：《东华大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市交通的智能管理是国家现代化进程中的一个重要课题。随着城市的快速建设,车辆数目的迅猛增长使得道路资源与城市交通之间的矛盾日显突出,因此交通路况的监测与车辆行驶路径选择都是重要的研究内容。本论文主要针对这两方面,研究了通过车载自组织网络获取路况信息的路由协议,并提出了一种动态的路径选择算法,尽可能的帮助驾驶者在行驶过程中及时避开拥堵路段。本论文首先提出了一种获取固定路段相应路况信息的路由协议。在驾驶者获得一条初始路径之后要监测这条初始路径上各个路段的实时交通状态变化,源车辆节点在发送信息获取路由请求时,需要在其中加入想监测的路段ID信息,即初始路径各个路段的ID,这样便只有在这些路段上面行驶的车辆才会回应源车辆节点的路由请求并与之建立路由连接回传数据。整个数据传输的路由过程是基于地理位置的改进的AODV路由协议,在基于广播机制的AODV路由协议中加入固定链路的ID,以便更快的寻找中继车辆转发节点,并且更有针对性的收集路段信息。其次,在路况信息获取的基础上,本文又提出了一种动态的路径选择算法。该算法是一种修正式的递归方法,旨在使得车辆在预测到可能出现拥堵的路段后,可以及时地修正原有路径以避开拥堵。当源节点收集到初始路段路况信息之后,通过分析预测模型可以知道这些路段在未来的交通状态变化,那么源车辆节点只对可能拥堵的路段进行重新规划。另外,本论文还提出了一种时间比较机制,通过比较预估的绕路时间和拥堵恢复时间来判断源节点车辆是否在原地等待拥堵恢复,使得整个过程更加符合实际情况。最后,本论文针对以上两个部分进行了软件仿真和数值仿真,说明了改进后的AODV路由协议在包传输率、延迟等方面表现更加优越,并且动态的路径选择算法更加贴合于实际,最后总结了研究内容仍存在的问题以及后续工作。
[Abstract]:Intelligent management of urban traffic is an important subject in the process of national modernization. With the rapid construction of cities and the rapid growth of the number of vehicles, the contradiction between road resources and urban traffic becomes more and more prominent. Therefore, the monitoring of traffic conditions and the choice of vehicle paths are important research contents. Aiming at these two aspects, this paper studies the routing protocol to obtain the road information through the vehicle-borne ad hoc network, and proposes a dynamic path selection algorithm to help the driver avoid the congested section of the road as soon as possible. In this paper, we first propose a routing protocol to obtain the corresponding information of fixed road sections. After the driver acquires an initial path, the real-time traffic state of each section on the initial path is monitored. When the source vehicle node sends information to obtain the route request, it needs to add the section ID information to it. That is, the IDs of each section of the initial path, so that only the vehicles driving on these sections will respond to the routing request of the source vehicle node and establish a route connection with them to transmit the data back. The whole routing process of data transmission is an improved AODV routing protocol based on geographical location. The fixed link IDD is added to the AODV routing protocol based on broadcast mechanism in order to find the relay vehicle forwarding node more quickly. And more targeted collection of road information. Secondly, a dynamic path selection algorithm is proposed on the basis of road information acquisition. The algorithm is a formal recursive method which aims to make the vehicle correct the original path in time to avoid the congestion after predicting the possible congestion. After the source node collects the initial road condition information, the traffic state changes in the future can be known by analyzing the prediction model, so the source vehicle node can only replan the possible congested road sections. In addition, this paper also proposes a time comparison mechanism, by comparing the estimated bypass time and congestion recovery time to determine whether the source node vehicle is waiting for congestion recovery in situ, making the whole process more in line with the actual situation. Finally, the software simulation and numerical simulation are carried out for the above two parts, which show that the improved AODV routing protocol is more superior in packet transmission rate, delay and so on, and the dynamic path selection algorithm is more suitable to the actual situation. Finally, the paper summarizes the existing problems of the research and the follow-up work.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：TN929.5;U495

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