倒计时信号交叉口行人过街特性研究

发布时间：2018-05-21 02:04

本文选题：行人 + 过街行为　；参考：《北京理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市交通问题一直是研究的热点，行人和机动车一直是研究的主题。随着机动车保有量的剧增，有限的道路资源进一步被机动车占用，居民出行环境进一步恶化，导致交通事故频发，因此交通安全研究迫在眉睫。本文首先对交叉口的违章特性进行了分析。定义了行人违章过街，根据实际调查数据，讨论了行人自身特性如性别、年龄对违章的影响，并对不同信号灯形式对行人的违章行为影响进行了探讨，为交叉口的违章过街模型构建奠定基础。行人的违章过街行为受到多种因素的影响，包括主观因素如行人违章意愿，客观因素如交叉口设计、信号配时、车头时距分布等。行人的违章行为是交通事故的导火索，因此本文在特性分析基础上，应用贝叶斯决策理论方法构建交叉口的行人违章率模型。行人过街状态划分为顺利过街和延误过街，行人过街的潜在损失包括由于信号灯和车辆干扰产生的时间损失、安全损失以及违章的法律损失。行人守法过街时，时间损失主要受信号配时如交叉口的红灯时间以及行人到达交叉口的时刻影响；违章过街时车头时距分布决定行人的延误时间。采用威布尔分布描述交叉口不同转向车流的车头时距分布，推导不同过街形式下的行人延误。根据实际数据，标定车头时距分布模型，选取北京市典型交叉口，通过收集行人违章数据验证模型准确性。在模型验证的基础上，采用单因素分析法对违章率模型的影响参数如信号配时和车道数进行灵敏性分析，探求交叉口行人违章的主要影响因素、次要影响因素，并以违章率为目标对交叉口的运行情况进行评价，并根据参数灵敏性分析为交通管理者提出交叉口优化、改进的建议。
[Abstract]:Urban traffic has been a hot topic, pedestrian and motor vehicles have been the subject of research. With the rapid increase of the number of motor vehicles, the limited road resources are further occupied by motor vehicles, and the travel environment of residents further deteriorate, resulting in frequent traffic accidents, so the study of traffic safety is urgent. In this paper, first of all, the characteristics of intersection violations are analyzed. According to the actual investigation data, this paper discusses the influence of pedestrian's own characteristics such as sex and age on the violation, and discusses the influence of different signal light forms on the pedestrian's illegal behavior. It lays a foundation for the construction of cross-street model. Pedestrian traffic violations are affected by many factors, including subjective factors such as pedestrians' willingness to violate regulations, objective factors such as intersection design, signal matching time, headway time distribution, and so on. Pedestrian behavior is the trigger of traffic accidents. Based on the characteristic analysis, this paper uses Bayesian decision theory to construct the pedestrian violation rate model of intersection. Pedestrian crossing state is divided into smooth crossing and delay crossing. The potential loss of pedestrian crossing includes time loss, safety loss and illegal legal loss caused by signal lights and vehicle interference. When pedestrians cross the street with the law, the time loss is mainly affected by the signal timing such as the red light time at the intersection and the time when the pedestrian arrives at the intersection, and the pedestrian delay time is determined by the distribution of the front distance when the pedestrian crosses the street in violation of the regulations. Weibull distribution is used to describe the headway distance distribution of different steering traffic at intersections and the pedestrian delay in different crossing forms is deduced. According to the actual data, the model is calibrated, and the typical intersection in Beijing is selected to verify the veracity of the model by collecting the data of pedestrian violations. On the basis of model verification, single factor analysis method is used to analyze the sensitivity of the model parameters such as signal timing and lane number, and to find out the main influencing factors and secondary factors of pedestrian violations at intersections. Based on the analysis of the sensitivity of the parameters, the optimization and improvement of the intersection are put forward according to the analysis of the traffic parameters.
【学位授予单位】：北京理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.23

【参考文献】