桥梁自然环境景观设计研究

发布时间：2018-05-23 10:40

本文选题：桥梁景观 + 视觉要素　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：从出生时起人们就在逐渐认知周围的环境。通过不断成长和发展,通过学习、接收和提出问题,人们也在被周围环境和自身的经验所塑造。最终我们每一个人可能都对世界有独特的看法,也会建立对环境景观的不同观点。然而这些看法混合在一起会让从事发展和管理景观环境的人倍感困难。所以不但需要寻找一种方法把所有的观点和要素的属性都考虑进去,还必须识别出哪些观点歪曲了个人对景观的感知。本文正是对桥梁景观设计中需要用到的视觉设计手段进行归纳总结。在这里桥梁不再是孤立于环境的,而是需要有机地融合于当地的地形、地貌和周围空间环境,这里面既包括自然环境因素又包括人文环境因素和时代环境因素。在本文中,仅仅局限在探讨对桥梁景观的纯粹视觉感知的范围内,并不包含人文环境和时代环境等因素,因此,在探讨到城市中的桥梁景观设计时,亦属于桥梁自然环境因素的范畴,并不夹杂城市文化和历史对其的影响。本文追根溯源是一种对桥梁建筑艺术的探索,我们研究桥梁景观的本质,逐渐恢复人们欣赏它的机能甚至亲手创造它。因为艺术是世界上最具体的事物,我们有义务让希望懂得桥梁景观艺术原理的人思路更加清晰。但即使是具体的事物,有时也是极其复杂难懂的。本文试图以简单的方式去阐述,即一针见血地提出自己的见解,然后用大量具体的案例进行分析。经过研究,我们也许可以证明,桥梁的功能和视觉效果同样重要。在论文撰写过程中,研究也运用了许多心理学理论。因为人是桥梁景观的最终感受者,人的心理活动能力总是作为一个整体活动着。正如鲁道夫·阿恩海姆在《艺术与视知觉》一书中所述,“一切知觉中都包含着思维,一切推理中都包含着直觉,一切观测中都包含着创造。”用这种观点来解释桥梁景观在理论和时间中遇到的问题非常恰当。本文剖析了桥梁景观所涉及的视觉要素和组织手段,通过演示大量的桥梁景观案例,为设计师在考虑环境景观组织的时候提供可靠依据。在对桥梁进行讨论和评价的时候,通过一种合理的方式探讨其优劣之处,使其对于桥梁景观的价值达成广泛的共识。本文探讨了不同地形、地貌的地理环境(山区、水域、田园和城市街区)选择不同桥梁形态所营造的景观格局,分析其是否符合视觉构图上的协调性。当人们必须理解和认识桥梁景观所被赋予的价值是什么的时候,景观通常被感受为格局。去认识这些格局的本质非常重要,不仅是把它们看作一幅优美的画或是可以用于保留的固定景色。它们经过有意识地规划或设计,或是经过地形、气候的相互作用,都在随着时间而发展和变化。
[Abstract]:People have come to know their surroundings from birth. Through constant growth and development, through learning, receiving and asking questions, people are also shaped by their surroundings and their own experiences. Ultimately, each of us may have a unique view of the world and a different view of the landscape. However, the combination of these views makes it difficult for people to develop and manage the landscape environment. So not only does it need to find a way to take into account the attributes of all views and elements, but it also has to identify which views distort one's perception of the landscape. This article is the bridge landscape design needs to use the visual design means to sum up. Here the bridge is no longer isolated from the environment, but needs to be integrated into the local terrain, geomorphology and the surrounding space environment, which includes the natural environment factor, the human environment factor and the time environment factor. In this paper, we only discuss the pure visual perception of the bridge landscape, and do not include such factors as the humanistic environment and the time environment, so, when we discuss the bridge landscape design in the city, It also belongs to the natural environment of bridge, and does not include the influence of urban culture and history. Tracing back to the source of this article is a kind of exploration of bridge architecture art. We study the nature of bridge landscape and gradually restore the function of people to appreciate it and even create it with our own hands. Because art is the most concrete thing in the world, we have an obligation to make people who want to understand the principles of bridge landscape art clearer. But even specific things are sometimes extremely complex and difficult to understand. This paper tries to expound in a simple way, that is, to put forward one's own opinion, and then to analyze it with a large number of concrete cases. After study, we may be able to prove that the function of the bridge is as important as the visual effect. In the process of writing the thesis, many psychological theories have also been applied in the research. Because man is the ultimate sensation of bridge landscape, human psychological activity is always as a whole. As Rudolph Arnheim puts it in Art and Visual perception, "all perception contains thought, all reasoning contains intuition, and all observations contain creation." It is appropriate to use this view to explain the theoretical and temporal problems encountered in the bridge landscape. This paper analyzes the visual elements and organization methods involved in the bridge landscape, and provides a reliable basis for designers to consider the environmental landscape organization by demonstrating a large number of bridge landscape cases. In the discussion and evaluation of bridges, the advantages and disadvantages of bridges are discussed in a reasonable way, so that they can reach a broad consensus on the value of bridge landscape. This paper discusses the landscape pattern created by the different topographical and geomorphological geographical environment (mountain area, water area, pastoral area and urban block), and analyzes whether it accords with the coordination of visual composition. When people have to understand and understand the value of bridge landscape, the landscape is usually perceived as a pattern. It is important to understand the nature of these patterns, not just as a beautiful painting or as a fixed view that can be preserved. They develop and change over time through conscious planning or design, or through the interaction of topography and climate.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U442.5

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