基于HRRS-GIS的城市群路网评价技术研究及系统实现

发布时间：2018-05-26 11:29

本文选题：高分辨率遥感影像 + 路网提取　；参考：《湖南工业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：近十年来,交通路网作为城市建设的基础,在我国城市化建设中取得长足发展,尤其是在建设大都市和城市群过程中,投资规模和道路建设里程数在十一五、十二五期间均大幅增加。然而经济发展刺激下的机动车保有量也在急剧增长,出现了诸如交通拥堵、宽阔道路常年空旷、车流稀少等现象,道路供需矛盾及分布不均衡现象日益突出。开展合理的城市群路网评价,科学指导路网建设规划是解决这一矛盾的有效措施之一。HRRS(High-resolution Remote Sensing)以其信息量大、可视化程度高、观测范围广,为大范围的城市群路网技术评价提供了可靠的数据来源。对此,本文在2012年交通运输部重点项目支持下,主要开展了一下研究工作:(1)首先对当前城市道路网络建设问题进行了分析,探讨了课题研究的背景与意义,综述了技术研究现状,明确了课题研究内容与关键问题,拟定了研究思路,形成全文研究纲领。(2)梳理并总结了现有道路建设评价指标,从道路分布、供需、经济效益等角度出发,构建了涵盖路网密度、和路网路均GDP等11项二级指标,形成了一套基于HRRS的城市路网综合评价指标体系。(3)道路长度、宽度等信息的提取,是开展路网评价的难点和关键问题。首先对高分影像进行图像灰度化与均衡处理,采用中值滤波去噪,实现了道路目标增强预处理。以最大方差自动阈值的Canny算子对实现了影像的边缘检测,在此基础上,以自适应阈值的结构元素实现了高分影像路网的初提取。利用直道和弯道路特征差异,对分割后的矢量影像采用直道模板匹配—弯道面向对象分类后处理,实现了Quick Bird 0.61m影像的道路矢量信息提取。进而对道路矢量信息的路长、路宽进行计算统计,经实验验证,路长参数提取精度达到87.5%,为下一步路网评价提供了基础数据。(4)根据道路等级分类标准,将高分遥感影像中道路宽度进行转化,将道路宽度、长度(里程)、等级等信息纳入交通路网综合评价标体系中,建立了二级模糊综合评价模型进行路网评价。对此,以深莞惠城市群为例,开展了路网密度及路网演变方向性的高分遥感影像城市群路网演变实证。(5)采用Arc GIS Engine,VS2008平台,C++语言,将信息提取模块、信息展示模块、路网演变信息评价模块进行集成,开发了一套结合HRRS与GIS的城市群路网演变信息评价系统。
[Abstract]:In the past ten years, as the foundation of urban construction, the traffic network has made great progress in the urbanization construction of our country, especially in the process of constructing metropolis and urban agglomeration, the investment scale and the mileage of road construction are in the 11th Five-Year Plan. During the twelfth five-year plan period, the number increased significantly. However, under the stimulation of economic development, the number of motor vehicles is also increasing rapidly, such as traffic congestion, wide open roads, scarce traffic, and so on. The contradiction between supply and demand of roads and the imbalance of distribution have become increasingly prominent. It is one of the effective measures to solve this contradiction to carry out reasonable evaluation of urban agglomeration network and scientifically guide road network construction planning. HRRS RS High-resolution Remote Sensing has a large amount of information, high degree of visualization and a wide range of observation. It provides a reliable data source for the technical evaluation of urban agglomeration network. In this paper, with the support of the key project of the Ministry of Transportation and Transport in 2012, we mainly carry out a little research work: 1) first of all, we analyze the current problems of urban road network construction, and discuss the background and significance of the research. This paper summarizes the present situation of technical research, clarifies the contents and key problems of the subject, formulates the research ideas, forms the full text research creed, and summarizes the existing evaluation indexes of road construction, including road distribution, supply and demand, etc. From the point of view of economic benefit, 11 second-level indexes, including road network density, road network average GDP and so on, are constructed, and a set of information such as road length and width is extracted from the comprehensive evaluation index system of urban road network based on HRRS. It is a difficult and key problem to carry out road network evaluation. Firstly, the image grayscale and equalization of high score image are processed, and the road target enhancement preprocessing is realized by using median filter to remove noise. The edge detection is realized by the Canny operator with the maximum variance automatic threshold. On this basis, the initial extraction of the high score image network is realized by the structure element of the adaptive threshold. Based on the differences between straight and curved road features, the segmentation vector image is processed with straight template matching and curve oriented object oriented classification, and the road vector information extraction of Quick Bird 0.61m image is realized. Then the road length and road width of road vector information are calculated and counted. The experimental results show that the extraction accuracy of road length parameters reaches 87.5%, which provides the basic data for the next road network evaluation. (4) according to the classification standard of road grade, The road width in the high score remote sensing image is transformed, and the road width, length (mileage, grade) and other information are incorporated into the comprehensive evaluation system of traffic network, and a two-level fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model is established to evaluate the road network. In this paper, taking Shenguanhui Urban agglomeration as an example, a high-score remote sensing image of urban road network evolution with density and direction of road network evolution is carried out. Using Arc GIS engineer VS2008 platform C language, information extraction module and information display module are used. Based on the integration of information evaluation module of road network evolution, a set of urban agglomeration network evolution information evaluation system combining HRRS and GIS is developed.
【学位授予单位】：湖南工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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