避险车道布设对车辆系统动力学的影响研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 12:31

本文选题：避险车道 + 失控车辆　；参考：《广西大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：避险车道指为使主线车流中的制动失效车辆能够减慢行驶速度并且最终停止下来,在主线道路旁所设置的一种辅助车道,供制动失效车辆紧急避险使用。我国由于避险车道设计缺陷而引发的制动失效车辆冲出避险车道末端和侧翻等事故率远远高于发达国家。因此,需对避险车道设计提出针对性的处置措施。本文通过对避险车道技术参数和配套交通安全设施进行阐述,总结了避险车道常见事故类型。并针对常见事故类型中占有绝对比例的车辆冲出避险车道以及在制动床内侧翻事故,结合汽车理论,分析其事故机理。为了在减少实车足尺实验的情况下,研究制动失效车辆在集料作用下的车辆宏观力学响应,本文结合离散元颗粒流仿真工具PFC2D建立了轮胎与制动床集料之间的制动仿真模型,采用静力三轴实验对模型参数进行标定,通过与实车足尺实验对比,验证了模型的可行性,从而对不同集料材料、砾石粒径下制动失效车辆的宏观力学响应分析,得出了砾石制动效果明显优于碎石,且粒径为8.3-15.7mm的砾石集料的制动效果最优的结论。同时,结合避险车道设计技术参数推荐值,采用车辆动力学仿真软件TruckSim建立了避险车道道路线形模型,分析制动失效车辆在主线为直线、右转曲线和左转曲线的情况下驶入角为5°、10°和15°的避险车道的车辆操纵性,得出不同主线线形下避险车道驶入角的设置建议值。最后结合本文的研究成果,针对广西百罗高速公路3#避险车道的设置,提出合理整改措施,本研究对丰富和完善我国避险车道设计规范或指南及提升避险车道安全水平具有重要理论意义和工程应用价值。
[Abstract]:Safe havens refers to a kind of auxiliary lane set up beside the main line road to make the brake failure vehicle in the main line flow slow down and finally stop to be used for emergency avoidance of the brake failure vehicle. The accident rate of brake failure caused by design defects of safe havens in China is much higher than that in developed countries. Therefore, it is necessary to put forward targeted measures to avoid risk lane design. In this paper, the technical parameters and traffic safety facilities of safe havens are expounded, and the common accident types of safe havens are summarized. In the light of the absolute proportion of the common accident types of vehicles rushing out of the safe lane and overturning in the brake bed, the mechanism of the accident is analyzed in combination with the automobile theory. In order to study the macro mechanical response of brake failure vehicle under the action of aggregate, the braking simulation model between tire and brake bed aggregate is established with the discrete element particle flow simulation tool PFC2D. The model parameters are calibrated by static three-axis test. The feasibility of the model is verified by comparing the model with full-scale experiments, and the macroscopic mechanical response of brake failure vehicle under different aggregate materials and gravel particle size is analyzed. It is concluded that the braking effect of gravel is better than that of gravel, and the braking effect of gravel aggregate with 8.3-15.7mm particle size is the best. At the same time, combined with the recommended value of the technical parameters of the design of the safe havens, the vehicle dynamics simulation software TruckSim is used to establish the road alignment model of the safe havens, and it is analyzed that the brake failure vehicles are straight line in the main line. In the case of right turn curve and left turn curve, the vehicle maneuverability of the safe lane with 5 掳10 掳and 15 掳angle is obtained. Finally, based on the research results of this paper, the reasonable rectification measures are put forward in view of the setting of the safe havens of Guangxi Bailuo Expressway. This study has important theoretical significance and engineering application value to enrich and perfect the design criterion or guide of safe lane in our country and to improve the safety level of safe lane.
【学位授予单位】：广西大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.223;U461

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