基于二自由度车辆模型的车路相互作用动力学试验研究

发布时间：2018-05-26 18:20

本文选题：模型试验 + 车路相互作用　；参考：《石家庄铁道大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着交通运输业的快速发展,重载汽车的应用越来越广泛,并在道路交通中起着重要作用。重载汽车在行驶过程中,由于路面不平度引起的车辆振动,影响着车辆行驶的平顺性和驾乘的舒适性,而车辆振动又反作用于路面,造成路面的破坏,因此,汽车与路面是一个相互作用的耦合系统。目前,对车路相互作用系统动力学的研究已逐渐成为热点,但由于现场试验需耗费巨大财力,因此大多数研究都是基于理论计算分析与软件的模拟仿真,而理论分析的力学模型与现场试验存在着较大差异,因此,开展车路相互作用系统的力学结构模型试验研究,对深入进行车辆—路面相互作用系统动力学的研究具有非常重要的意义。本文根据实验室现有条件,分别设计制作了长为2.25 m的钢制简支梁模型、由弹簧支撑的分布刚度路面模型、二自由度四分之一汽车模型与长为2.25 m的钢制正弦波形路面模型。测定了简支梁模型的抗弯刚度、前9阶固有频率及振型和阻尼比。通过静、动载试验,分别研究了简支梁模型的应力状态和模型的动力学特性。为实现车路相互作用的模型试验,本文设计加工制作了二自由度车辆模型,通过振动台扫频及定频试验,研究了车辆模型的振动固有特性,确定系统的悬挂特性和阻尼特性,为研究车路相互作用提供了依据。论文对车路相互作用试验系统建立了相应的动力学方程,利用模态叠加法求解了相互作用系统的振动方程,得到了车、路在确定载荷激励和随机载荷激励作用下的响应。在此基础上,将路面模型与车辆模型结合,进行了车路系统的试验,与仿真结果对比,验证了理论分析的正确性。最后论文分析了由于路面不平顺所引起的车辆模型的振动与运动的关系,车辆悬架阻尼参数对车辆振动的影响。本文从试验角度,通过建立两自由度车辆模型与路面模型相互作用系统,研究了在车辆荷载作用下,不同的支撑条件下的不同梁结构的动力学响应,同时,车辆受到路面激励的响应。通过数值仿真和试验结果进行了对比,验证了车路相互作用动力学模型仿真计算和试验结果的正确性。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of transportation, heavy-duty vehicles are widely used and play an important role in road traffic. In the course of driving, the vehicle vibration caused by the road roughness affects the ride comfort of the vehicle and the ride comfort, and the vehicle vibration reacts on the road, resulting in the destruction of the road surface. The automobile and the road surface are an interaction coupling system. At present, the research on the dynamics of vehicle-road interaction system has gradually become a hot topic, but because the field test requires a huge amount of money, most of the research is based on theoretical calculation analysis and software simulation. However, the mechanical model of the theoretical analysis is different from the field test. Therefore, the mechanical structural model test of the vehicle-road interaction system is carried out. It is of great significance to study the dynamics of vehicle-road interaction system. According to the existing conditions in the laboratory, the steel simply supported beam model with a length of 2.25m, the distributed stiffness pavement model supported by a spring, the two-degree-of-freedom 1/4 vehicle model and the steel sinusoidal road surface model with a length of 2.25m are designed and made in this paper. The flexural stiffness, the first nine natural frequencies, the mode shape and damping ratio of the simply supported beam model were measured. The stress state of the simply supported beam model and the dynamic characteristics of the model are studied by static and dynamic load tests. In order to realize the model test of vehicle-road interaction, a two-degree-of-freedom vehicle model is designed and manufactured in this paper. The inherent vibration characteristics of the vehicle model are studied by vibration table sweep frequency and fixed frequency test, and the suspension and damping characteristics of the system are determined. It provides a basis for the study of vehicle-road interaction. In this paper, the dynamic equations of the vehicle-road interaction test system are established, the vibration equations of the interaction system are solved by the modal superposition method, and the responses of the vehicle and the road under the definite load excitation and the random load excitation are obtained. On this basis, the road model is combined with the vehicle model, and the experimental results are compared with the simulation results to verify the correctness of the theoretical analysis. Finally, the relationship between vehicle model vibration and motion caused by road irregularities and the influence of vehicle suspension damping parameters on vehicle vibration are analyzed. In this paper, the dynamic responses of different beam structures under vehicle loads and different bracing conditions are studied by establishing the interaction system of two degrees of freedom vehicle model and pavement model from the point of view of experiment. At the same time, The response of the vehicle to road excitation. The correctness of the simulation and test results of the vehicle / road interaction dynamic model is verified by comparing the numerical simulation results with the experimental results.
【学位授予单位】：石家庄铁道大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.25

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