沥青混合料表面构造图像评价方法及抗滑降噪性能预测研究

发布时间：2018-05-27 16:17

本文选题：道路工程 + 热拌沥青混合料　；参考：《长安大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：路面抗滑性能直接关系着道路行车安全性;且轮胎与路面之间的噪声,随着行车速度的不断提高,已成为道路交通噪声的主要声源。路面表面构造水平及分布特性直接影响路面抗滑降噪性能,而现行规范中规定的路面表面构造评价方法,虽然可以很好地测试沥青混合料表面构造整体水平,但不能反映与抗滑降噪功能紧密相关的表面构造分布特性。且现行规范中规定的沥青混合料设计方法,基本属于体积设计法,在体积指标满足要求的基础上,进一步使沥青混合料满足高温稳定性、低温抗裂性及水稳性等路用性能要求后,即完成配合比设计;未涉及沥青混合料表面抗滑性能及噪声水平,难以适应现代社会对路面行车安全及环保低噪声的要求。论文针对现行规范规定的路面表面构造测试方法的不足,围绕为基于抗滑降噪功能的沥青混合料优化设计提供必要的理论基础,对运用图像处理技术及频谱分析的沥青混合料二维表面构造评价方法,依据表征空隙、集料及沥青胶浆等沥青混合料组成的设计参数指标的表面构造水平及分布预测,以及基于表面构造特性的沥青混合料表面抗滑性能及噪声水平预测等方面,展开深入系统的研究。论文利用图像处理技术及频谱分析方法,研发了沥青混合料二维表面构造测试评价系统2D-ITAM(2 Dimension Image-based Texture Analysis Method)。2D-ITAM能够从断面扫描图像中,识取沥青混合料二维表面构造线;并依据频谱分析理论,从二维表面构造频率谱中,计算得出表征沥青混合料表面构造水平及分布特性的不同波长处倍频程指数。通过将2D-ITAM测试结果与传统宏观及微观构造评价指标进行相关性分析,验证了2D-ITAM用于评价沥青混合料表面构造水平及分布特性的可行性及测试结果的准确性。该系统为准确、客观地评价沥青混合料表面构造水平及分布特性,提供了一种测量精度高、操作简单、价格低廉、易于推广的新方法。为了建立沥青混合料表面构造水平及分布预测模型,论文首先利用iPas(Image Processing and Analysis System)图像处理软件,从沥青混合料断面扫描图像中,分析得出了影响表面构造的沥青混合料内部集料规则度及分布方向角正弦值等结构参数。然后,使用分形维数,定量地表征了集料级配的本质分布特性;使用Weibull分布拟合的集料级配曲线,得到了表征集料颗粒粒径整体大小水平的参数D90。同时,提出了表征沥青混合料表面构造整体特性的特征波长及特征波水平两个指标。最后,通过分析沥青混合料中空隙、集料及沥青胶浆这三组成部分的表征参数与表面构造特征波水平之间的相关性,构造了表征沥青混合料设计特性的合理参数指标;并建立了依据表征空隙、集料及沥青胶浆等沥青混合料组成的设计参数指标的表面构造水平及分布预测模型。针对安装有Anti-lock Brake System(ABS)防抱死制动系统的车辆,为了建立了沥青混合料表面抗滑性能预测模型,论文使用动态旋转摩擦系数测试仪,测试了不同滑移速度下的沥青混合料表面摩擦系数;并依据安装有ABS系统车辆制动特性的分析,利用摩擦系数随滑移速度的变化关系模型,Rado模型,推演出不同路面设计最佳滑移速度下的摩擦系数。运用“希尔伯特黄变换”理论,计算得到了沥青混合料表面轮胎有效接触构造。通过沥青混合料表面摩擦系数产生机理分析,提出了基于抗滑性能的沥青混合料表面构造倍频程指数。进而建立了基于表面构造特性的沥青混合料摩擦系数预测模型。为了建立沥青混合料降噪性能预测模型,论文利用课题组自行研发的室内轮胎加速下滚噪声测试法,分别测试了不同速度下的沥青混合料噪声水平。在Neithalath模型的基础上,建立了基于微观结构的多孔沥青混合料吸声系数预测模型;并提出了表征沥青混合料整体吸声特性的指标,即由20Hz到1600Hz范围内所有1/3倍频程中心频率处吸声系数的算数平均值计算得到的平均吸声系数。通过轮胎/路面噪声产生机理分析,得出了基于降噪性能的沥青混合料表面构造倍频程指数。在此基础上,分别建立了基于表面构造及吸声特性的密实型及多孔沥青混合料噪声水平预测模型。
[Abstract]:The anti skid performance of the pavement is directly related to the road traffic safety, and the noise between the tire and the pavement has become the main sound source of the road traffic noise with the continuous improvement of the speed of the road. The surface structure level and distribution characteristics of the pavement directly affect the performance of the pavement anti skid and noise reduction, and the pavement surface structure evaluation method stipulated in the current specification Although the overall surface structure level of asphalt mixture can be well tested, it can not reflect the surface structure distribution characteristic closely related to the function of anti sliding and noise reduction, and the design method of asphalt mixture stipulated in the current specification belongs to the volume design method. On the basis of the full requirement of volume index, the asphalt mixture is further full. After high temperature stability, low temperature crack resistance and water stability and other road performance requirements, that is to complete the mix ratio design, not involving the asphalt mixture surface anti skid performance and noise level, it is difficult to adapt to the requirements of modern society on road safety and environmental low noise. In order to provide the necessary theoretical basis for the optimization design of asphalt mixture based on anti slippery and noise reduction function, the surface structure level and distribution of the design parameters of asphalt mixture such as voids, aggregates and asphalt mortar are used to evaluate the two-dimensional surface structure of asphalt mixture using image processing technology and spectrum analysis. The research on the surface anti skid performance of asphalt mixture surface based on the surface structure characteristics and the prediction of noise level is carried out systematically. The paper developed a two-dimensional surface structure test and evaluation system 2D-ITAM (2 Dimension Image-based Texture Analysis Method) using image processing technology and spectrum analysis method. .2D-ITAM can identify the two-dimensional surface structure line of asphalt mixture from the cross section scanning image. According to the spectrum analysis theory, the frequency doubling exponent at different wavelengths representing the surface structure and distribution characteristics of the asphalt mixture is calculated from the two-dimensional surface structure frequency spectrum. The results of the 2D-ITAM test are compared with the traditional macro and microcosmic. The correlation analysis of structural evaluation index has been carried out to verify the feasibility of 2D-ITAM for evaluating the surface structure level and distribution characteristics of asphalt mixture and the accuracy of the test results. This system provides an accurate and objective evaluation of the surface structure level and distribution characteristics of asphalt mixture, which provides a high precision, simple operation, low price and easy to use. In order to establish the surface structure level and distribution prediction model of asphalt mixture, the paper first uses iPas (Image Processing and Analysis System) image processing software to analyze the internal aggregate rule degree and distribution direction angle of asphalt mixture with the influence of surface structure from the cross section scan image of asphalt mixture. Then, the fractal dimension is used to quantitatively characterize the essential distribution characteristics of aggregate gradation, and the parameter D90. that characterizing the overall size of the aggregate particle size is obtained by using the aggregate gradation curve fitted by the Weibull distribution, and the characteristic wavelengths and characteristics of the overall characteristics of the surface structure of the asphalt mixture are presented. In the end, by analyzing the correlation between the characterization parameters of the three components of the asphalt mixture and the porosity of the asphalt mixture, the reasonable parameter index of the design characteristics of the asphalt mixture is constructed by analyzing the correlation between the characteristic parameters of the void, the aggregate and the asphalt mortar, and the asphalt mixture, such as the voids, the aggregate and the asphalt mortar, is established. In order to establish a prediction model for the anti skid performance of the asphalt mixture with Anti-lock Brake System (ABS) anti lock braking system, a dynamic rotating friction coefficient tester is used to test the asphalt mixture at different sliding speeds. In accordance with the analysis of the braking characteristics of the vehicle with ABS system, the friction coefficient with the change of the sliding velocity and the Rado model are used to perform the friction coefficient under the optimum slippage speed of different pavement designs. Using the theory of "Hilbert yellow transformation", the efficiency of the asphalt mixture surface tire is calculated. In order to establish the prediction model of asphalt mixture friction coefficient based on the surface structure characteristics, the prediction model of asphalt mixture based on the surface structure characteristics is established. The noise level of asphalt mixture at different speeds was tested by the self developed test method of indoor tire accelerated roll down noise. On the basis of Neithalath model, the prediction model of sound absorption coefficient of porous asphalt mixture based on microstructure was established, and the overall sound absorption characteristic of asphalt mixture was proposed, which was from 20Hz to 1. The average sound absorption coefficient calculated by the mean value of the sound absorption coefficient at the center frequency of all 1/3 frequency doubling range in 600Hz range. Through the analysis of the mechanism of tire / pavement noise production, the frequency multiplication index of the surface structure of asphalt mixture based on noise reduction is obtained. On this basis, the density of the surface structure and sound absorption characteristics are established respectively. Noise level prediction model for real and porous asphalt mixtures.
【学位授予单位】：长安大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U414

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