高原地区G318线竹巴笼—林芝段地质灾害类型及其成因研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 12:32

本文选题：工程地质分区 + 多因素相互关系矩阵方法　；参考：《成都理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：西藏自治区交通方式主要以公路运输为主。区内公路网主要由国道318等主干道路和14条省道等组成。该路网承担着绝大部分进出西藏的物资和人员运输,关系着西藏自治区经济发展的命脉。由于西藏地区地形限制和公路展线的要求,藏区公路多沿河流、山脚、山腰及山岭展布。所在区属于高原地区,地形地貌和地质构造复杂,气候多变,日夜温差大,崩滑流等地质灾害十分发育。G318线自东向西穿越横断山、喜马拉雅山、念青唐古拉山3大山系,涉及觉巴山、东达山、业拉山、安久拉山、色季拉山、米拉山等6座大山。近年来,该路段地质灾害频发,常致交通中断,严重影响行车安全。因此,本文选择高原地区G318线竹巴笼—林芝段,开展地质灾害现场调查,对地质灾害进行统计分析,划分地质灾害类型,分析其分布特征,探讨地质灾害形成原因,这对于G318线竹巴笼—林芝段的防灾减灾具有十分重要的现实意义。进行的主要工作和取得的主要成果如下:(1)进行了野外地质调查,查明了G318线竹巴笼—林芝段的工程地质条件,为工程地质分区提供分区要素,并为地质灾害成因分析提供地质背景。该区以高山峡谷地貌为主;地层以坚硬岩、较软岩为主;通过的大断裂主要有金沙江断裂带、怒江断裂带、嘉黎断裂及雅鲁藏布江断裂带,区内发育复式背、向斜,主要呈南北向展布。地下水主要为松散岩类孔隙水与基岩裂隙水。(2)运用了多因素相互关系矩阵方法,探讨了影响国道318线竹巴笼-林芝段的工程地质分区各要素的主导作用和所受到的影响,并根据其主导作用大小,运用Arcgis空间分析模块,对国道318线竹巴笼-林芝段进行工程地质分区,分成5个主分区、15个亚分区、37个次亚分区。(3)对国道318线竹巴笼-林芝段的地质灾害类型进行调查与统计分析,沿线发育重大-较大地质灾害共318处(段)。其中,泥石流108条,占总地质灾害318处(段)的33.96%;变形、破坏斜坡体(崩塌、危岩及不稳定岩堆145处和滑坡22个),占总地质灾害318处(段)的45.60%;积雪路段8段,涎流冰路段25处,水毁10段。(4)国道318线竹巴笼-林芝段各类型地质灾害区域上分布不均,地形地貌上相对集中,地层岩性上相对集中,且具有季节性的发育特点。各类型地质灾害分布特征及其成因如下:(1)泥石流的分布特征及其成因:道路沿线泥石流主要分布于波密县主分区IV区,发育程度最为旺盛,占泥石流总量的35%,该区尤以次亚区IV-2-3分布占比最大,占该区泥石流总量40%。另外,次亚区V-1-1(林芝境内),主分区III中次亚区III-1-1、III-2-1、III-2-3以及III-3-2,主分区I中次亚区I-1-1和I-1-2泥石流发育次于主分区IV区(波密县)发育旺盛程度;其余各区泥石流零星有发育。分布特征主要受如下成因控制:地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造与降雨。(2)变形、破坏斜坡体分布特征及其成因:道路沿线崩塌、危岩体及不稳定岩堆主要分布于主分区V区(林芝)全线,次亚区IV-1-2和IV-3-1(波密县境内),次亚区III-1-1(八宿县境内),次亚区II-2-1起终点段落(左贡县境内)和次亚区I-1-1、I-1-2、I-2-1、I-3-1和I-3-2起止段斜坡变形与破坏(包含崩塌、危岩体和不稳定岩堆与滑坡),发育密度大。这几个区共计公里程数220公里,仅占全线867公里的25.02%,却分布着该大类不稳定斜坡变形与破坏数量的90.57%。道路沿线崩塌、危岩体及不稳定岩堆共计145处(段),占总地质灾害318处(段)的45.60%;滑坡体共计22处,占总地质灾害318处(段)的6.92%。二者共占52.52%。其余各区不稳定斜坡与变形破坏零星有发育,仅占9.43%。分布特征主要受如下成因控制:地形地貌、斜坡岩体结构、地质构造与降雨;(3)其它地质灾害分布特征及其成因:受气象条件、地形地貌的影响,积雪路段主要分布于雪线以上且阴山面积雪更为严重。涎流冰受水文地质条件影响,主要发育于地下水较发育地段,且在积雪路段发育规模较大。水毁路段受泥石流灾害的影响,而使河流水动力特性发生显著变化,而集中出现在泥石流发育的上下游地段。
[Abstract]:The main traffic mode of Tibet autonomous region is highway transportation. The main road network in the area is composed of the main road and 14 provincial roads, such as the National Road 318 and so on. The road network bears the vast majority of the materials and personnel transportation in and out of Tibet and the lifeblood of the economic development of the Tibet autonomous region. The region belongs to the river, the foot of the mountain, the mountainside and the mountain range. The area belongs to the plateau area, the terrain and the geological structure are complex, the climate is changeable, the day and night temperature difference is large, the landslides and slides and other geological disasters are very well developed from East to west through the Hengduan Mountain, Himalaya Range and the 3 big mountains of the Shan Qing Tang and Gu La mountain, involving the kurba mountain, Dongda mountain, karma mountain, and Anne. In recent years, 6 big mountains, such as Shan Shan, color geira mountain and Mira mountain. In recent years, this section of the road has frequent geological disasters, often causing traffic interruption, seriously affecting the safety of traffic. Therefore, this paper selects the G318 line bamboo bar cage Linzhi section of the plateau area, carries out the geological disaster field investigation, carries out the statistical analysis to the geological calamity, divides the geological disaster type and analyzes its distribution characteristics. It is of great practical significance for the disaster prevention and reduction of the bamboo bar cage and Linzhi section of G318 line. The main work and the main achievements are as follows: (1) the field geological survey was carried out, the engineering geological conditions of the bamboo bar cage and Linzhi section of the G318 line were found out, and the zoning elements were provided for the engineering geological areas. And provide geological background for the cause analysis of geological disasters. This area is mainly high mountain and Canyon landforms; the strata are mainly hard rock and soft rock; the major faults are mainly Jinsha River fault zone, Nu River fault zone, Jiali fault and Yarlung Zangbo fault zone, and the complex back, syncline, mainly in the north and the south, is mainly in the north and south. The rock pore water and the bedrock fissure water. (2) using the multi factor correlation matrix method, this paper discusses the leading role and influence of various elements of the engineering geological division that affects the 318 lines of the national highway in the bamboo bar cage - Linzhi section. According to its dominant role, the Arcgis space analysis module is used to carry out the work on the bamboo bar cage and Linzhi section of the National Road 318 line. It is divided into 5 main areas, 15 subareas and 37 sub subregions. (3) the geological hazard types of the bamboo bar cage - Linzhi section of the national highway 318 are investigated and statistically analyzed, and the major geological disasters along the line are 318 (section). Among them, 108 of the debris flow, accounting for 33.96% of the total geological disaster 318 (segments), are deformed and destroyed slope bodies (avalanches, There are 145 places and 22 landslides in the dangerous rock and the unstable rock pile, accounting for 45.60% of the total geological disasters, 8 sections of the snow section, 25 of the sialol ice section, and 10 sections of water destruction. (4) the distribution of various types of geological disasters in the bamboos Linzhi section of the 318 line of the national road is uneven, the topography and geomorphology are relatively concentrated, the lithology of the strata is relatively concentrated and has seasonal development special. The distribution characteristics and causes of various types of geological disasters are as follows: (1) the distribution characteristics and causes of debris flow: the debris flow along the road is mainly distributed in the IV area of the main sub area of Po Min County, which is the most prosperous, accounting for 35% of the total debris flow, and the largest distribution ratio of the sub region of this area, the total amount of 40%. in the mudflow in this area, and the sub sub region V-1 -1 (Linzhi), III-1-1, III-2-1, III-2-3 and III-3-2 in the sub sub region of the main subregion III, the development of I-1-1 and I-1-2 debris flow in sub sub region of the main subregion is second to the main partition IV region (PO Min county). The debris flow in the remaining areas is sporadic. The distribution characteristics are mainly controlled by the following causes: topography, lithology, geological structure and reduction. (2) (2) deformation and destruction of the distribution characteristics of the slope body and its causes: the landslides along the road, the critical rock mass and the unstable rock pile are mainly distributed in the main area of the main zoning V region (Linzhi), the subregion IV-1-2 and IV-3-1 (in the border county), the subregion III-1-1 (in the Suzhou county), the II-2-1 end of the subregion (Zuo Gong county) and the subregion I-1-1, I-1-2, I-2-1, I-3 The slope deformation and damage (including collapse, dangerous rock mass and unstable rock pile and landslide) of -1 and I-3-2 is large. These areas have a total distance of 220 km, accounting for only 25.02% of the total line 867 km, but they are distributed along the 90.57%. road with unstable slope deformation and destruction, and 1 of the dangerous rock and unstable rock piles totalling 1. 45 (section), accounting for 45.60% of the total geological hazards in 318 (section), 22 of the landslides, accounting for 318 of the total geological disasters, and 318 of the total geological disasters, 6.92%. two, accounting for the unstable slope and deformation of the remaining regions of the rest of the region, and the distribution characteristics of 9.43%. are mainly controlled by the following causes: topography, slope rock structure, geological structure and rainfall; (3) Its geological hazard distribution features and its causes: affected by meteorological conditions, topography and geomorphology, snow covered sections are mainly distributed over snow lines and the snow of Yinshan area is more serious. The saliva flow ice is affected by hydrogeological conditions, mainly developed in the more developed areas of groundwater, and is larger in the snow section. The shadow of the water damage section is affected by the debris flow disaster. The dynamic characteristics of river water changed significantly, but concentrated on the upper and lower reaches of debris flow development.
【学位授予单位】：成都理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U412.22

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