山岭公路隧道施工安全风险评估与应用研究

发布时间：2018-05-30 15:09

本文选题：山岭公路隧道 + 风险评估　；参考：《武汉理工大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：山岭公路隧道工程具有环境影响大、施工周期长、不可预见因素多、投资金额大、施工难度高等特点,所以山岭公路隧道工程是一项具有高风险的建设项目。为了更好的配合我国各地方经济的发展,使山区人民出行更加便利,我国政府加大了对山区基础设施建设的投入力度,这几年中,山区公路的修建无论从建设数量,修建规模,还是技术难度都有了较大的提升;山区公路的建设必然要“穿山越岭”修建隧道,而近些年来由于隧道修建产生的施工事故给我们国家和人民带来了较为严重的财产损失、环境破坏和人员伤亡,这些都是人们所极其不愿见到的;因此开展隧道施工安全风险评估研究工作便显得非常重要与紧迫。本文从以下几个方面开展研究:(1)采用改进的模糊层次综合评判法开展隧道整体风险评估研究。本文将山岭隧道施工安全风险评估从具体研究内容上分为整体和局部两个大的方向,即隧道整体风险评估与重大风险源的风险评估。针对隧道整体风险评估研究特征及工程应用特点,本文对传统的模糊层次综合评判法进行了改进,将传统方法中运用层次分析法求取指标权重以模糊层次分析法来代替实现,此改进措施有以下两优点:一是免去了层次分析法中判断矩阵一致性的检验,使计算难度和计算量大为减少;二是使用模糊判断一致矩阵符合人们思考问题的逻辑,便于推广应用。以改进的模糊层次综合评判法为核心确立了整体风险评估的一般研究模式,即采用改进的模糊层次综合评判法和事故损失当量估计法,分别求取整体风险发生概率等级和事故损失等级,并通过R?P?C法,将以上两种方法结合在一起,最终得出隧道整体风险评估等级。(2)将功效系数法引入到隧道风险评估研究当中,并重点应用于隧道重大风险源的风险评估。功效系数法可以解决隧道风险评估中评价指标标准不统一,量化困难,计算繁琐等难题。本文利用功效系数法的优点,建立了隧道重大风险源的风险评估研究模型,并明确了指标评价体系的建立原则和主体思想。基于功效系数法的计算原理和内涵,确立了进行隧道重大风险源风险评估的一般步骤和取值原则,得出风险发生概率等级。最后从功效系数法的优越性、可操作性、实用性三个方面对其应用于隧道风险评估的可行性进行论证。(3)利用本文的研究成果,以高速公路项目“郧县至十堰高速公路大华山隧道”为工程案例进行应用研究。在大华山隧道整体风险评估中,本文确立了基于人-机-环境-管理系统的多级结构评价指标体系,识别结果多达17类。通过改进的模糊层次综合评判法,得出大华山隧道整体风险模糊估计等级为IV级;基于当量估计法,得出整体风险发生后果等级为C级,并最终得到大华山的整体风险等级为四级。在大华山隧道重大风险源风险评估中,通过逐段评估的方式,基于功效系数法对塌方风险和涌水突泥风险分别建立相应的风险评价指标体系,并分别得出其相应的风险等级为IV级和III级,最终确定出大华山隧道重大风险源风险等级为IV级,通过与工程实际情况和传统方法进行对比,验证了此方法的有效性。结合以上研究,给出大华山隧道施工风险控制措施。
[Abstract]:Mountain highway tunnel project has great environmental impact, long construction period, many unforeseeable factors, large amount of investment and high difficulty in construction. So mountain highway tunnel project is a high risk construction project. In order to better cooperate with local economic development in our country and make the mountain people travel more convenient, the government of our country is increasing. In the past few years, the construction of mountain highways has greatly improved from the number of construction, the scale of construction, and the technical difficulty. The construction of the mountain road is bound to build a tunnel through the mountains and mountains. In recent years, the construction accidents caused by the construction of the tunnel are given to our country and the people. There are more serious property losses, environmental damage and casualties, which are extremely unwilling to be seen. Therefore, it is very important and urgent to carry out the research on the risk assessment of tunnel construction safety. The following aspects are carried out in this paper: (1) the overall wind of the tunnel is carried out by the improved fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. This paper divides the risk assessment of mountain tunnel construction safety into two large and local directions from the specific research content, that is, the overall risk assessment and the risk assessment of the major risk sources. In view of the characteristics of the overall risk assessment and the engineering application characteristics of the tunnel, the traditional fuzzy hierarchical comprehensive evaluation method is introduced. The improvement is made by using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in the traditional method and the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to replace the realization. The improvement measures have the following two advantages: first, it is free from the test of the consistency of the judgement matrix in the analytic hierarchy process, which makes the calculation difficulty and the amount of calculation greatly reduced; and the two is to use the fuzzy judgement consistent matrix to conforms to people's thought. The general research mode of overall risk assessment is established at the core of the improved fuzzy hierarchical comprehensive evaluation method. That is, the improved fuzzy hierarchical comprehensive evaluation method and the accident loss equivalent estimation method are adopted to obtain the overall risk probability grade and the accident loss grade respectively, and the R P? C method will be used. The two methods are combined together to finally get the overall risk assessment level of the tunnel. (2) the efficiency coefficient method is introduced into the study of tunnel risk assessment, and it is mainly applied to the risk assessment of tunnel major risk sources. The efficiency coefficient method can solve the difficulty of evaluating the standard standard of the tunnel risk assessment, difficult to quantify, complicated and difficult to calculate. Using the advantages of the efficiency coefficient method, this paper establishes the risk assessment model of the major risk sources of the tunnel, and clarifies the principles and main ideas of the establishment of the index evaluation system. Based on the principle and connotation of the efficiency coefficient method, the general steps and principles for the risk assessment of the major risk sources of the tunnel are established, and the risk is obtained. In the end, the feasibility of its application in tunnel risk assessment is demonstrated in the three aspects of the superiority, operability and practicability of the efficiency coefficient method. (3) using the research results of this paper, the application of the expressway project "Yunxian to Shiyan highway big Huashan tunnel" is applied to the project of the great Huashan tunnel. In the overall risk assessment of Tao, this paper establishes the multi-level structure evaluation index system based on human machine environment management system, and the results are as many as 17 categories. Through the improved fuzzy hierarchical comprehensive evaluation method, the overall risk fuzzy estimation level of the Huashan tunnel is IV grade. Based on the equivalent estimation method, the overall risk result grade is C class. Finally, the overall risk level of the big Huashan is four. In the major risk assessment of the big Huashan tunnel, the corresponding risk evaluation index system is established on the landslide risk and the gushing mud risk by the efficiency coefficient method, and the corresponding risk grade is IV and III grade respectively. The risk level of major risk source in Huashan tunnel is determined to be IV grade. By comparing with the actual situation of engineering and the traditional method, the validity of this method is verified. Combined with the above research, the risk control measures for the construction of the big Huashan tunnel are given.
【学位授予单位】：武汉理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U455.1

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