草原道路简单景观环境下驾驶员疲劳特性研究

发布时间：2018-06-12 04:52

本文选题：草原道路 + 简单景观环境　；参考：《内蒙古农业大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：道路交通人机环境系统是由人、车辆、道路和环境协同作用构成的复杂系统,任意系统构成要素的变化都会直接影响到系统的功能发挥,并有可能影响到交通安全。人是构成该系统的核心要素,由人的因素造成的道路交通事故比例高达80%以上,而驾驶疲劳是导致该类交通事故的主要原因之一。目前,关于驾驶疲劳的研究主要是从驾驶员自身角度考虑。而相关研究表明,驾驶时间、道路景观环境等外部因素对驾驶疲劳的影响也很显著。内蒙古自治区地域辽阔,天然草原覆盖全区73.26%的土地面积,截止2015年底,全区道路总里程达到17.5万公里,其中绝大部分已建及待建道路均处于草原地区。由于草原地区地势平坦、植被盖度低、人口密度小,使得草原地区道路有着平面直线长、平曲线半径大、纵坡小、景观单一、视距远、交通流量小等特点。驾驶员在草原道路行车时受到的交通干扰小、驾驶操作转换频率低、视觉刺激小,因而易引发驾驶疲劳,直接影响到驾驶员的判断与操控能力。此外,由于草原道路特殊简单景观环境的影响,致使驾驶员行车过程中心理疲劳与生理疲劳的形成、发展、调整和加深过程不同于其它地区道路。草原道路驾驶疲劳正严重威胁到交通安全。本文从交通工程学和人机环境工程学的角度出发,以草原道路行车驾驶员为研究对象,采用模拟驾驶与实际驾驶相结合的研究方法,深入研究了全周期草原道路驾驶疲劳特性,该研究对丰富与完善驾驶疲劳理论、揭示简单景观环境条件下的驾驶员心理疲劳与生理疲劳的形成与变化规律、驾驶员疲劳监控与管理、减轻驾驶疲劳、提高交通安全等都具有较大的理论与现实意义。本文研究得到以下具体结论:(1)通过模拟驾驶与实际驾驶疲劳等效的时间对应关系研究发现,模拟驾驶过程中驾驶疲劳的形成、发展规律与实际驾驶类似,二者在不同时段存在明显的对应关系;得出240min的模拟驾驶过程即可发生从轻度疲劳、中度与重度疲劳的全疲劳过程。(2)利用因子分析和相关性分析确定了草原道路简单景观环境下的驾驶疲劳敏感指标:其中,心理疲劳敏感指标为SDNN、HFnorm、ApEn、脑电信号δ波比例、α/β值;生理疲劳敏感指标为眨眼持续时间、瞳孔直径、扫视次数、腰部肌电平均功率。(3)通过对心理疲劳和生理疲劳关系特性进行分析,发现了驾驶员的心理疲劳出现时间明显早于生理疲劳(15min);各疲劳指标对于驾驶员的主动调节响应敏感性不同,驾驶员的脑电δ波比例、瞳孔直径指标不受驾驶员调整的影响;草原道路简单景观环境下,驾驶员更多是针对心理疲劳的调节,使得重度心理疲劳的出现时间较生理疲劳晚(35min);但整个模拟驾驶过程中心理疲劳程度感受更深。(4)研究发现驾驶过程中,年轻驾驶员较年长驾驶员出现更深的生理疲劳感受和较低的心理疲劳;非熟练驾驶员的心理和生理疲劳程度均较熟练驾驶员严重;女性驾驶员对心理疲劳有更强的耐受性,而男性对生理疲劳的耐受性较强。(5)采用简单有效的方法确定出了草原道路简单景观环境下的不同驾驶疲劳程度阈值。清醒0—50min、轻度疲劳55—115min、中度疲劳120—170min、重度疲劳175—240min。(6)通过对10小时的实际驾驶实验数据的定量分析结合主观疲劳问卷调查定性分析发现,模拟驾驶可以客观真实的反映草原道路简单景观环境下驾驶员疲劳的形成、发展、调整、加深的全过程。
[Abstract]:The road traffic man-machine environment system is a complex system composed of man, vehicle, road and environment. The changes of the elements of any system will directly affect the function of the system, and may affect the traffic safety. People are the core elements of the system, and the proportion of road traffic accidents caused by human factors is up to 80. Over%, and driving fatigue is one of the main causes of this kind of traffic accident. At present, the research on driving fatigue is mainly from the driver's own point of view. And the related research shows that driving time, road landscape environment and other external factors have a very significant impact on driving fatigue. The Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region has a vast area and natural grassland overlying. By the end of 2015, the total area of 73.26% of the land covered by the whole area was 175 thousand kilometers. Most of them were in the prairie area. Because of the flat terrain, low vegetation coverage and small population density, the grassland area has a long plane line, a large flat curve radius, a small vertical slope and a landscape single. One is the characteristics of far distance, small traffic flow and so on. Drivers are small in traffic disturbance, low frequency of driving operation and small visual stimulation, which are easy to cause driving fatigue and direct influence on driver's judgment and manipulation ability. In the process, the formation, development, adjustment and deepening of psychological fatigue and physiological fatigue are different from other areas. Driving fatigue of grassland road is a serious threat to traffic safety. From the point of view of traffic engineering and human-computer environment engineering, this paper takes the driving drivers of grassland road as the research object, using simulated driving and actual driving. The research method of driving phase combined with the full cycle steppe road driving fatigue characteristics, which enriches and improves the driving fatigue theory, reveals the formation and change rules of drivers' psychological fatigue and physiological fatigue under simple landscape environment, driver fatigue monitoring and management, reducing driving fatigue and improving traffic safety, etc. All of them have great theoretical and practical significance. In this paper, the following specific conclusions are obtained: (1) through the study of the equivalent time correspondence between the simulated driving and the actual driving fatigue, it is found that the formation of driving fatigue in the simulated driving process is similar to the actual driving, and there is a significant corresponding relationship between the two parties at different periods; 240Min The full fatigue process from mild fatigue to moderate and severe fatigue can occur in the simulated driving process. (2) using factor analysis and correlation analysis to determine the driving fatigue sensitivity index in simple landscape environment of Grassland: the sensitive index of psychological fatigue is SDNN, HFnorm, ApEn, EEG delta wave ratio, alpha / beta value, and physiological fatigue sensitivity. The index is the duration of blinking, the diameter of the pupil, the number of saccades, the average power of the electromyography of the waist. (3) through the analysis of the characteristics of the relationship between psychological fatigue and physiological fatigue, it is found that the time of the driver's psychological fatigue appears earlier than the physiological fatigue (15min), and the sensitivity of the fatigue finger to the driver's active adjustment response is different, and the driver is different in the sensitivity of the driver's response. The ratio of the delta wave of brain electricity, the pupil diameter index is not influenced by the driver's adjustment; in the simple landscape environment, the driver is more concerned with the adjustment of psychological fatigue, which makes the occurrence time of severe psychological fatigue later than the physiological fatigue (35min), but the degree of psychological fatigue in the whole simulation driving course is deeper. (4) the study found driving. During the process, young drivers have deeper physiological fatigue feelings and lower psychological fatigue. The psychological and physiological fatigue of unskilled drivers is more serious than those of skilled drivers; female drivers have stronger tolerance to psychological fatigue and men are more tolerant to physiological fatigue. (5) a simple and effective recipe is used. The thresholds of different driving fatigue in the simple landscape environment of grassland were determined. Sober 0 50min, mild fatigue 55 to 115min, moderate fatigue 120 to 170min, and severe fatigue 175 to 240min. (6), through quantitative analysis of actual driving experiment data of 10 hours and qualitative analysis of subjective fatigue questionnaire survey, simulated driving can be found. It objectively reflects the whole process of driver fatigue formation, development, adjustment and deepening under the simple landscape environment of grassland road.
【学位授予单位】：内蒙古农业大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.254

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