漫谈矿山法隧道技术第十五讲——隧道涌水控制技术

发布时间：2018-06-13 00:32

本文选题：隧道 + 矿山法　；参考：《隧道建设》2017年02期

【摘要】：涌水控制对策大体上分为"排水"对策和"堵水"对策2大类,经验表明"排"与"堵"相结合的方法是控制地下水最有效的方法。在处理"排"与"堵"的关系上,关键是弄清何种情况下需要采取"堵"的方法。适用堵水方法的条件:1)在地下水量大、围岩渗透系数大于10~(-6)~10~(-5)cm/s时,为了确保施工可接受的渗漏水条件;2)在地下水位降低对周边环境产生有害影响,为了确保周边环境"可接受干扰"的条件;3)为了避免二次衬砌直接承受水压,或减小作用在二次衬砌上的水荷载,不仅需要注浆,而且注浆必须形成防渗体来承受水压的场合。目前基本上都是采用注浆的方法堵水,挪威通过预注浆来控制海底隧道和城市隧道涌水,注浆围岩的平均渗透系数大致是非注浆围岩的1/100~1/25,采用高注浆压力(3~4 MPa)可以减少注浆孔、提高围岩注浆的"预应力"效应;日本青函隧道注浆实践表明,隧道围岩的综合渗透系数大于10~(-6)~10~(-5)cm/s时需采取注浆堵水对策,改善围岩渗透系数小于10~(-6)cm/s时能够正常安全开挖。通过一定范围的注浆,把围岩的渗透系数降低2个数量级,达到10~(-6)cm/s,就完全可以不考虑水压的作用。最后,用5个事例说明解决大量、集中、异常涌水的方法,多是放在形成有效的注浆域(防渗层)上。实际上,我们也是这样做的,但在明确的目标准则和注浆工艺上尚需努力。
[Abstract]:Water gushing control strategies are generally divided into two categories: "drainage" and "water shutoff". Experience shows that the combination of "drainage" and "plugging" is the most effective way to control groundwater. The key to dealing with the relationship between "discharge" and "plugging" is to find out under what circumstances it is necessary to adopt the method of "blocking". When the quantity of groundwater is large and the permeability coefficient of surrounding rock is larger than 10~(-6)~10~(-5)cm/s, in order to ensure the acceptable seepage condition in construction, the lowering of groundwater level will have a harmful effect on the surrounding environment. In order to ensure the condition of "acceptable interference" in the surrounding environment, in order to avoid the secondary lining bearing water pressure directly, or to reduce the water load acting on the secondary lining, not only grouting but also grouting must form impervious body to withstand water pressure. At present, grouting is basically used to block water. Norway uses pre-grouting to control the inflow of water in subsea tunnels and urban tunnels. The average permeability coefficient of surrounding rock mass of grouting is roughly 1 / 100 / 1 / 25 of that of non-grouting surrounding rock, and high grouting pressure is used to reduce grouting holes. The grouting practice shows that when the comprehensive permeability coefficient of surrounding rock is larger than 10~(-6)~10~(-5)cm/s, grouting water plugging countermeasures should be taken, and when the permeability coefficient of surrounding rock is less than 10~(-6)cm/s, it can be excavated normally and safely. By grouting in a certain range, the permeability coefficient of surrounding rock can be reduced by two orders of magnitude to 10 ~ 10 ~ (-6) cm / s, and the effect of water pressure can be completely ignored. Finally, 5 examples are given to illustrate that the methods of solving large, concentrated and abnormal water gushing are mostly on the formation of effective grouting area (impervious layer). In fact, we do the same, but we still need to work on clear target criteria and grouting process.
【作者单位】：西南交通大学;
【分类号】：U455.4

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