基于元胞自动机的BRT优先交叉口仿真研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 06:53

本文选题：快速公交 + 优先控制　；参考：《兰州交通大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的蓬勃发展、蒸蒸日上,城市交通问题层出不穷,道路交通流猛增、人均占用的道路面积快速减少。因此,交通拥堵、车速缓慢、事故频发、尾气排放、噪声污染,这些问题的出现导致我国的交通发展陷入难堪的地步,已经严重制约了国民经济的进步、降低了居民的生活水平。为此,各国专家学者应用不同的方法和模型对城市道路交通流运行过程中在路段和交叉口产生的复杂交通现象和交通效应进行深入的研究和分析。交通工程师发现CA模型能够比较完整的体现出道路交通流系统复杂的非线性行为和其他物理特征,相较于其他模型,更利于在计算机上进行仿真,特别是实现并行计算,并能通过灵活地修改演化规则来反映现实交通中的各种效应。因此,各国学者将其应用在城市道路交通流仿真和道路网交通流模拟方面。本文详细阐述了元胞自动机基础理论,其中包括其来自不同研究领域的定义、规则、基本构成等。基于此,着重介绍了一维和二维CA模型,如基于184号规则的NaSch模型并进行规则演化,二维交通流BML模型及其扩展模型、应用于交通瓶颈的CA模型等等。依据现有对城市交通流运行特性的研究成果,以兰州市现行快速公交1号线某交叉口BRT车辆和社会车辆的实测信息数据、交叉口信号周期及各相位不同灯色显示时长为数据基础,从以下两个方面来研究交叉口对公交车辆实施信号优先和路权优先两种措施的情形下,对社会车流正常运行的影响。首先,基于VDR模型,引入随机慢化规则,运用计算机模拟在道路交叉口对快速公交实施绿灯延长和红灯早断两种信号优先控制策略后,交叉口社会车流运行特性的变化,验证采取措施的有效性。其次在原BML模型的基础上,结合城市道路交通运行的实际情况,分别引入转向机制和换道概率,对设置有快速公交专用道且禁止社会车辆左转的交叉口,从两个方面进行研究:其一是社会车辆根据前后车及其邻近道路状况以一定的概率选择换道的BML模型进行模拟和结果分析;其二是交叉口车辆的转向行为对系统性能和交通流运行状态的影响。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy in China, urban traffic problems emerge in endlessly, the road traffic flow increases sharply, and the road area occupied by per capita decreases rapidly. As a result, traffic congestion, slow speed, frequent accidents, exhaust emissions and noise pollution have led to embarrassing traffic development in China, which has seriously restricted the progress of the national economy. Reduced the standard of living of the residents. For this reason, experts and scholars from different countries apply different methods and models to deeply study and analyze the complex traffic phenomena and traffic effects in road sections and intersections during the operation of urban road traffic flow. Traffic engineer found that CA model can completely reflect the complex nonlinear behavior and other physical characteristics of road traffic flow system. Compared with other models, CA model is more suitable for computer simulation, especially for parallel computing. And can flexibly modify the evolution rules to reflect the real traffic effects. Therefore, scholars from all over the world apply it to urban road traffic flow simulation and road network traffic flow simulation. In this paper, the basic theory of cellular automata is described in detail, including the definition, rules and basic structure of cellular automata from different research fields. Based on this, this paper mainly introduces one and two dimensional CA models, such as the NaSch model based on rule 184 and its evolution, the BML model of two-dimensional traffic flow and its extended model, the CA model applied to traffic bottleneck, and so on. Based on the existing research results on the operation characteristics of urban traffic flow, the measured information data of BRT vehicles and social vehicles at the intersection of current bus Rapid Transit Line 1 in Lanzhou City are used. The signal period and different color display time of each phase of intersection are the data base. This paper studies the influence of signal priority and right priority on the normal operation of traffic flow in the case of signal priority and traffic right priority at intersection from the following two aspects. Firstly, based on the VDR model, the random slow-down rule is introduced, and the traffic flow characteristics of the intersection are changed after two signal priority control strategies, green light extension and red light early break, are implemented at the intersection by computer simulation. Verify the effectiveness of the actions taken. Secondly, on the basis of the original BML model, combined with the actual situation of urban road traffic operation, the turning mechanism and changing probability are introduced, respectively, for the intersection where there is a bus rapid transit lane and social vehicles are forbidden to turn left. The research is carried out from two aspects: the first is the simulation and analysis of the results of the BML model of changing the road with a certain probability according to the condition of the front and rear vehicles and their adjacent roads; The second is the influence of vehicle steering behavior on system performance and traffic flow state.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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