城市干线公交通行保障技术研究

发布时间：2018-06-16 16:07

本文选题：公共交通 + 保障技术　；参考：《东南大学》2015年博士论文

【摘要】：交通拥堵已经成为困扰着中国及世界各地主要城市的严重问题,在建设更多城市道路、抑制小汽车的增长、对城市交通流进行诱导皆无法有效缓解交通拥堵的情况下,很多交通领域的研究者开始从优化城市交通结构方面考虑,提出了“公交优先”、“公交主导型城市”的概念,即用提高公共交通的出行比例,尤其是常规公交的出行比例来缓解交通拥堵问题。然而,常规公交由于在途行程时间长、可靠性不理想、乘车舒适度低,仍然对城市居民出行缺少吸引力,因而需要使用特定的公交通行保障手段来予以改善。论文以国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)课题“交通状态感知与城市干线公交通行保障”(2012AA112304)为依托,对城市干线公交通行保障技术进行了系统性的研究,重点研究了干线公交行程时间特性、干线公交协调控制技术、路段行人过街信号协同控制技术、公交异常通行状态影响态势及快速处置技术。全文主要内容如下：(1)提出干线多路公交的相关概念,分析了多路公交区间行程时间特性、站点行程时间特性、交通信号处行程时间特性以及公交频率(间隔)、载运能力特性,并得到了公交区间行程时间、站点行程时间、干线入口间隔所服从的分布函数,以南京市中山北路干线实测数据为例对干线公交行程时间分析方法进行了验证：(2)分析了信号交叉口相位搭接设置方式与对称设置方式、进口单独设置方式相比所具有的优势,在此基础上讨论了公交协调控制中公共周期时长和相位有效绿灯时间的确定方法,解析了公交协调控制相位差的概念,并提出了适合于干线公交协调控制的相位结构与相序方案；(3)通过在传统的延误三角形分析方法中引入启动波传输线,讨论了公交车在交通信号处的延误、停车次数、行程时间指标计算方法,作为干线公交协调控制效果的评价依据。综合考虑干线多路公交分布格局、线路站点设置状况以及多路公交行程时间、频率(间隔)、载运能力,详细阐述了干线公交协调控制过程,并提出了基于遗传算法的公交协调控制相位差优化方法。将公交协调控制方法应用于南京市中山北路干线,对其公共周期时长、相位有效绿灯时间、相位差等关键参数进行了优化,结果表明该方法能显著提升干线上公交车的运行效率；(4)考虑行人极限等待时间,对路段行人过街信号协同控制技术进行了研究,提出了感应式一次过街以及二次过街人行横道绿波协同控制方法,并将其分别应用于南京市中山北路路段以及江东中路路段,结果表明该方法能够对路段感应式人行横道进行有效协调,并保证行人等待时间不超出其忍耐限度；此外,还针对公交站台处非机动车和公交乘客的冲突,提出了路段非机动车信号灯设置方法；针对交叉口行人、非机动车与右转机动车之间的相互冲突,提出了交叉口相位设计方法以及信号配时策略；(5)建立公交延误传播模型,选取公交行车间隔、公交行程时间、乘客候车时间、乘客舒适度这些公交服务水平评价指标,分析了公交线路拥堵、公交线路客流量突增和公交线路严重阻塞三类公交异常通行状况的影响态势,并对改变行车间隔、增开区间车、调整车辆行驶路径这三种异常快速处置方法进行了效果评价。
[Abstract]:Traffic congestion has become a serious problem that plagued China and the major cities all over the world. In the case of building more urban roads, restraining the growth of cars and inducing urban traffic flow, many researchers in the field of transportation have begun to consider the optimization of urban traffic structure and put forward the idea that " The concept of "bus priority" and "bus leading city" is to alleviate traffic congestion by increasing the travel proportion of public transportation, especially the proportion of regular bus travel. However, the conventional bus is still not attractive to urban residents because of long travel time, poor reliability and low ride comfort. Based on the national high technology research and development plan (863 plan), the thesis, based on the national high technology research and development plan (863 plan), is based on the "traffic status perception and the urban trunk line transit support" (2012AA112304). The main contents of the full text are as follows: (1) the main contents of the full text are as follows: (1) the related concepts of the multichannel bus are put forward, the time characteristic of the multipath bus interval, the characteristic of the travel time of the station and the traffic signal place are analyzed. Travel time characteristics, bus frequency (interval), carrying capacity characteristics, and the distribution function of bus interval travel time, site travel time and main line entrance interval are obtained. Taking the measured data of Zhongshan North Road trunk line in Nanjing as an example, the method of bus travel time analysis is verified. (2) analysis of signal intersection phase. The method of determining the long and phase effective green light time in public transit is discussed, and the concept of phase difference of bus coordination control is analyzed, and the phase suitable for the coordinated control of the trunk line bus is put forward. The scheme of structure and phase sequence; (3) through the introduction of the starting wave transmission line in the traditional delay triangle analysis method, the calculation method of bus delay, parking number and travel time is discussed, which is the basis for the evaluation of the coordination control effect of the trunk line bus. The setting status, multipath bus travel time, frequency (interval) and carrying capacity are described in detail, and the phase difference optimization method of bus coordination control based on genetic algorithm is put forward. The bus coordination control method is applied to the Zhongshan North Road trunk line of Nanjing City, and the public cycle is long and the phase effective green light is used. The key parameters such as time, phase difference and other key parameters are optimized. The results show that the method can significantly improve the running efficiency of the bus on the trunk line. (4) considering the limit waiting time of pedestrians, the cooperative control technology of pedestrian crossing signal is studied, and the cooperative control method of induction type crossing street and two cross street crosswalk green wave is put forward. The method is applied to the Zhongshan North Road section of Nanjing city and the middle road section of Jiangdong. The results show that the method can effectively coordinate the road induced pedestrian crossing and ensure that the waiting time of pedestrians does not exceed the tolerance limit. In addition, the non motorized section of the road is also proposed for the conflict between the non motor vehicle and the bus passengers at the bus station. The method of setting up the vehicle signal lamp; aiming at the conflict between pedestrians at the intersection and between the non motor vehicle and the right turn motor vehicle, the phase design method of the intersection and the signal timing strategy are put forward. (5) establish the bus delay propagation model, select the bus traffic interval, the bus travel time, the passenger waiting time, and the passenger comfort degree. The evaluation index is used to analyze the influence situation of three kinds of bus abnormal traffic conditions of bus line congestion, bus line passenger flow increase and bus line serious congestion, and evaluate the effect of three abnormal rapid disposal methods, which change the interval of traffic, increase the interval and adjust the driving path of the vehicle.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.17

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