两相位平面交叉口处行人与机动车混合交通流微观建模与分析

发布时间：2018-06-17 12:49

本文选题：两相位交叉口 + 混合交通流　；参考：《北京交通大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：交叉口作为城市道路交通网络的重要枢纽,在路网中起着至关重要的作用,交叉口处机动车及非机动车的正常通行是整个交通路网能够高效运作的关键。然而我国城市交叉口处存在着严重的人机混行现象,这一现象在两相位交叉口尤为突出。由于相位设置简单,不同方向的车流与过街行人冲突广泛存在,该冲突阻碍了道路交通的正常运行,降低了交叉口的通行能力,增加了车辆与行人的延误,降低了路网的运行效率。基于该问题,本文针对两相位交叉口处行人与机动车的混行现象进行研究,将有助于认识城市交叉口处行人与机动车运行的复杂特性,对提高城市路网的运行效率具有重要意义。论文的主要研究工作如下:(1)通过引入左转-直行干扰规则,建立了基于元胞自动机的单冲突点左转-直行机动车冲突模型。随后针对左转车辆的实际运行轨迹对其规则进行改进,提出了更符合实际情况的双冲突点左转-直行冲突模型。用MATLAB对其进行仿真后,得到机动车到达率对机动车流量及机动车出行时间的影响,通过比较发现改进后的模型在流量与出行时间方面均有所改善,随后利用美国HCM2000手册中给出的延误公式计算车辆延误值,并与仿真方法所得延误值进行了对比分析。(2)在双冲突点左转-直行冲突模型的基础上加入行人因素,建立了两相位交叉口处行人-机动车冲突干扰模型。车辆采用Nasch模型更新,行人采用格子气模型更新,引入行人-机动车干扰冲突机制将车辆与行人模型进行耦合。用MATLAB进行仿真,分析讨论了行人到达率及机动车到达率对机动车流量及出行时间的影响,及行人干扰下的车辆运行时空图。(3)结合实测数据对上述行人-机动车干扰模型进行了验证。对北京市某交叉口进行了视频拍摄调查,并提取了有效数据,通过实测数据对模型参数进行了标定,模拟仿真后得出转向车辆的延误时间,将其与车辆的实测延误进行比较。结论表明,仿真结果与实际结果基本一致,所提出的模型具有较高的准确度和可靠性。
[Abstract]:As an important hub of urban road traffic network, intersections play an important role in the road network. The normal passage of motor vehicles and non-motor vehicles at intersections is the key to the efficient operation of the entire traffic network. However, there is a serious phenomenon of man-machine mixing at urban intersections in China, which is especially prominent in two-phase intersections. Because of the simple phase setting, the conflict between traffic flow and pedestrians in different directions is widespread, which hinders the normal operation of road traffic, reduces the traffic capacity of intersection, and increases the delay between vehicles and pedestrians. The operation efficiency of the road network is reduced. Based on this problem, this paper studies the phenomenon of pedestrian and motor vehicle in two-phase intersection, which will be helpful to understand the complex characteristics of pedestrian and motor vehicle operation in urban intersection. It is of great significance to improve the operation efficiency of urban road network. The main research work of this paper is as follows: (1) by introducing the left turn-straight interference rule, a single conflict point left turn-straight vehicle conflict model based on cellular automata is established. Then the rules of the left-turn vehicle are improved according to the actual running track of the vehicle, and a double-conflict left-to-straight conflict model is proposed which is more suitable for the actual situation. The effect of vehicle arrival rate on vehicle flow and vehicle travel time is obtained by MATLAB simulation. It is found that the improved model has improved both in terms of flow and travel time. Then the vehicle delay value is calculated by using the delay formula given in HCM2000 manual, and compared with the delay value obtained by simulation method. The pedestrian factor is added on the basis of the model of double-conflict point left-turn direct conflict. A pedestrian-vehicle conflict interference model at two-phase intersection is established. Nasch model is updated for vehicle, lattice model is used for pedestrian, and pedestrian model is coupled with pedestrian model by introducing pedestrian vehicle interference conflict mechanism. The effects of pedestrian arrival rate and vehicle arrival rate on vehicle flow and travel time are analyzed and discussed by MATLAB simulation. Combined with the measured data, the above pedestrian-vehicle interference model was verified. A video survey was carried out on a certain intersection in Beijing, and effective data were extracted. The model parameters were calibrated by measured data, and the delay time of steering vehicle was obtained by simulation and simulation, and the delay time of steering vehicle was compared with the measured delay of vehicle. The results show that the simulation results are in good agreement with the actual results, and the proposed model has high accuracy and reliability.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.23

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