城市电动汽车充电站选址布局研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 22:10

本文选题：电动汽车充电站 + 充电需求　；参考：《山东科技大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：当前的能源和环境危机迫使各国都在积极寻找解决方案,由于电动汽车能源转化效率高和近乎零污染的特点,发展电动汽车产业已经成为缓解当前危机一个重要举措,受到各国政府的高度重视。但目前充电基础服务设施建设与电动汽车的发展相比相对滞后,已经成为制约其发展的一个重要因素,因此加快电动汽车充电基础服务设施建设对促进电动汽车的推广和普及具有重大意义。对于充电站的建设,其前期的选址布局工作是否合理直接影响着服务质量,进而影响着电动汽车整个行业的发展。本文基于此背景对城市电动汽车充电站的选址布局优化展开研究。首先,论文介绍了电动汽车的种类及其相比于传统燃油汽车的优点,并对电动汽车不同的充电模式分别做了详细介绍和比较,总结出了不同充电模式的特点及其所适用的对象。分析了影响电动汽车充电站选址布局的影响因素和选址布局的原则,介绍了几种经典的选址理论模型,并对其适用对象和优缺点做了分析。其次,采用弹性系数法对青岛市黄岛区电动汽车的保有量和充电桩的数量做了预测。通过对电动汽车出行特性的分析,根据重力模型法对各个交通小区之间的交通阻抗、出行产生强度、出行吸引强度做了量化,并对所涉及的参数进行标定,预测出了各个交通小区的电动汽车的出行分布量。并依据高峰小时流量比预测了各交通小区的充电需求量。最后,论文结合影响充电站选址布局的因素和布局原则,通过对充电站选址布局做出合理假设,在充电设施规模限制条件下建立了以充电总耗时最少为目标的选址布局模型,并利用遗传算法求解模型。论文以黄岛区为研究对象,用MATLAB编程,求得在充电设施规模限制条件下的充电站最优选址布局和充电桩的分配。通过研究发现,在服务率一定的前提下,增加充电桩的总数,充电站的布局成分散化趋势,在一定的范围内,当增加充电桩总数,系统总耗时下降明显,边际效益显著提升,应保证充电站建设适度超前。算例验证了模型的有效性,对城市充电站的选址布局有一定的借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:The current energy and environmental crisis has forced all countries to actively seek solutions. Due to the characteristics of high energy conversion efficiency and near-zero pollution of electric vehicles, developing the electric vehicle industry has become an important measure to alleviate the current crisis. It is highly valued by the governments of all countries. However, compared with the development of electric vehicles, the construction of charging infrastructure has lagged behind, and has become an important factor restricting the development of electric vehicles. Therefore, it is of great significance to speed up the construction of electric vehicle charging infrastructure for the promotion and popularization of electric vehicles. For the construction of charging station, whether the location and layout of the charging station is reasonable or not directly affects the service quality, and then affects the development of the whole electric vehicle industry. Based on this background, this paper studies the location and layout optimization of urban electric vehicle charging station. Firstly, this paper introduces the types of electric vehicles and their advantages compared with traditional fuel vehicles, and compares the different charging modes of electric vehicles in detail, and summarizes the characteristics of different charging modes and their applicable objects. This paper analyzes the influencing factors and principles of location layout of charging station for electric vehicles, introduces several classical location theory models, and analyzes the applicable object, advantages and disadvantages of these models. Secondly, the elastic coefficient method is used to predict the quantity of electric vehicles and the number of charging piles in Huangdao District of Qingdao City. Based on the analysis of the travel characteristics of electric vehicles, the traffic impedance, trip intensity and trip attraction intensity of each traffic district are quantified according to the gravity model method, and the parameters involved are calibrated. The travel distribution of electric vehicles in each traffic district is predicted. According to the peak hour flow ratio, the charge demand of each traffic district is predicted. Finally, combined with the factors and principles that affect the layout of charging station location, through the reasonable assumption of the location layout of charging station, a location layout model with the goal of the least time consuming of charging facilities is established under the condition of limited scale of charging facilities. Genetic algorithm is used to solve the model. In this paper, Huangdao District is taken as the research object, and MATLAB programming is used to obtain the optimal location layout of charging station and the distribution of charging pile under the condition of limited scale of charging facilities. Through the research, it is found that under the premise of a certain service rate, increasing the total number of charging piles, the layout of charging station becomes a decentralized trend. In a certain range, when the total number of charging piles is increased, the total time consuming of the system decreases obviously, and the marginal benefit is significantly improved. The charging station construction should be guaranteed to be moderately ahead of schedule. An example is given to verify the validity of the model, which is useful for the location and layout of urban charging stations.
【学位授予单位】：山东科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.8

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