驾驶人焦虑状态下的应激操作行为研究

发布时间：2018-06-23 22:49

本文选题：应激操作 + 焦虑情绪驾驶人　；参考：《北京建筑大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国社会经济的发展,私家车数量的激增,道路拥挤现象越来越严重,再加上工作、生活中的压力,驾驶人往往会因此产生一些焦虑情绪。该不良情绪在驾驶过程中积累到一定程度,容易诱发严重的交通事故,因此对焦虑情绪的驾驶人的应激操作行为进行研究,显得格外重要。本文根据驾驶人焦虑程度的不同,将实验中的驾驶人划分为高焦虑组、低焦虑组,对两组驾驶人的操作数据进行对比分析,探求高焦虑情绪驾驶人驾驶行为模式特点,以期在把握两者操作共性的前提下,用合理的方法,促进其驾驶安全性快速、稳定地提高。本文从以下几个方面展开研究。首先,设计评价量表以测试驾驶人所处状态。根据我国驾驶文化的特点,设计了适合驾驶人特质焦虑自评量表、驾驶技能自评量表、危险驾驶行为自评量表和压力情绪自评量表以评价驾驶人的驾驶状态。前期抽样调查了152名驾驶人,对问卷进行信效度分析,确保量表有较好的稳定性和内部一致性。统计结果发现两组驾驶人在驾驶技能量表的“违规操作”、“运动感知”和“判断决策”3个因子均存在显著性差异;在危险驾驶行为量表的“驾驶侵略”这一因子上存在显著差异,这表明两类驾驶人对驾驶行为的自我认识是有差别的。从统计结果来看高焦虑组驾驶人不良驾驶习惯更多,缺乏对危险的有效感知,容易产生危险操作。其次,开展人因工程实验,证实高焦虑驾驶人是否有注意偏向的差异。包括注意分配、注意广度、注意力集中能力、视觉反应能力和空间知觉能力测试,根据实验测试数据,采用独立样本T检验来验证两者的差异性,探究高焦虑组驾驶人的注意偏向特点,两组驾驶人的差异性检验结果表明注意分配的测试结果有较大不同,其他测试结果不存在差别。最后,开展驾驶模拟实验探究应激操作的特性。基于UC-winroad软件搭建的应激场景和驾驶模拟器的高精度操控,结合眼动仪和多通道生理记录仪,对通过主客观评价指标的52名焦虑程度不同的驾驶人,进行实验,收集数据,对他们的应激操作能力进行评估。结果表明:在驾驶特性方面,高焦虑组驾驶人的反应时间要高于低焦虑组0.059s,转向时波动幅度较大,踩踏制动踏板和油门踏板时力度分别高于低焦虑组驾驶人0.053和0.068;在视觉特性方面,高焦虑组驾驶人过多的关注驾驶室,而对前方左侧有所忽略,这是很明显的一个特点;在生理指标方面,脑能量参数表明高焦虑组驾驶人有更高精神负荷,并且心电指标MRR上会有5s的滞后。研究结果对于揭示焦虑情绪驾驶人的应激操作行为机理、降低该群体的交通事故发生率,具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。
[Abstract]:With the development of our country's social economy, the increase of the number of private cars, the phenomenon of road congestion is becoming more and more serious, plus the pressure of work and life, the driver will often produce some anxiety. The bad emotion accumulates to a certain extent in the driving process, and it is easy to induce serious traffic accident. Therefore, it is very important to study the stress behavior of the anxious driver. According to the different degree of anxiety of the driver, the driver in the experiment is divided into high anxiety group and low anxiety group. The operating data of the two groups are compared and analyzed, and the characteristics of driving behavior pattern of the driver with high anxiety are explored. In order to grasp the common operation of the two under the premise of reasonable methods to promote its driving safety quickly and stably improve. This article starts the research from the following several aspects. First, a rating scale is designed to test the driver's condition. According to the characteristics of driving culture in China, a self-rating scale for trait anxiety, a self-rating scale for driving skills, a self-rating scale for dangerous driving behavior and a self-rating scale for stress and emotion were designed to evaluate the driving status of the driver. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire were analyzed to ensure the stability and internal consistency of the questionnaire. The statistical results showed that there were significant differences among the three factors of "illegal operation", "motor perception" and "judging decision" in the driving skill scale between the two groups. There is a significant difference in the factor of "driving aggression" in the dangerous driving behavior scale, which indicates that there are differences in the self-understanding of driving behavior between the two types of drivers. From the statistical results, the high anxiety group drivers more bad driving habits, lack of effective perception of risk, easy to produce dangerous operation. Secondly, the human-cause engineering experiment was carried out to confirm the difference of attention bias between high-anxiety drivers. Including attention allocation, attention span, attention ability, visual response ability and spatial perception ability test, using independent sample T test to verify the difference between the two. To explore the characteristics of attention bias of drivers in high anxiety group, the difference test results between the two groups show that the test results of attention allocation are quite different, but there are no differences in other test results. Finally, the driving simulation experiment was carried out to explore the characteristics of stress operation. Based on the stress scene and driving simulator of UC-winroad software, combined with eye movement instrument and multi-channel physiological recorder, 52 drivers with different anxiety degree were tested by subjective and objective evaluation, and the data were collected. Their ability to operate under stress was assessed. The results showed that the response time of the high anxiety group was higher than that of the low anxiety group 0.059 s in driving characteristics. The intensity of trampling brake pedal and throttle pedal was 0.053 and 0.068 respectively when trampling on brake pedal and throttle pedal, in visual characteristic, the driver of high anxiety group paid too much attention to the cab, but neglected to the left side of the front, this is a very obvious characteristic. In terms of physiological parameters, brain energy parameters indicated that drivers in high anxiety group had higher mental load and 5 s lag in MRR. The results are of great theoretical significance and practical value for revealing the mechanism of stress behavior of anxious drivers and reducing the incidence of traffic accidents in this group.
【学位授予单位】：北京建筑大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.254

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