客货混合城市公路运输通道的拥挤特性及最优定价策略

发布时间：2018-06-26 05:40

  本文选题：运输经济 + 拥挤收费福利效应　； 参考：《公路交通科技》2017年10期

【摘要】：客运和货运用户的边际时间效用通常具有较大差异,这造成了用户在出行时间选择行为上的区别,并对城市公路运输通道的拥挤特性产生影响。既有动态拥挤模型忽略了用户边际效用随时间变化,且变化速度不同这一事实。针对这一问题,通过对时间效用函数进行参数化,将用户异质性引入了时变边际效用瓶颈模型,解决了既有模型无法准确描述客货混合条件下拥挤特性的问题。在获取拥挤特性的基础上,以社会福利最大化为目标确定了针对客货混合用户的最优定价策略,并讨论了该策略对各类用户产生的福利效应。结果表明,在目的地边际效用增长率较高的用户会更早到达,且这一拥挤特性在无收费用户均衡以及社会最优收费的状态下均存在。社会最优收费由用户在出发地和目的地的边际时间效用决定,该定价策略可使拥挤收费计入货运用户的边际成本,从而使货运用户更容易接受拥挤收费政策。当社会最优收费完全不返给用户时,全体用户的间接效用与无收费均衡状态保持一致,但拥挤排队现象可以被完全消除。如果将收费均等地返还给全体用户,社会最优收费可以实现帕累托改进。如果将收费更多地返还给在目的地边际效用较高的用户,可以促进用户生产效率的提高。
[Abstract]:The marginal time utility of passenger and freight users is usually quite different, which causes the difference in the travel time choice behavior of the users, and has an impact on the congestion characteristics of urban road transportation channels. The existing dynamic congestion model ignores the fact that user marginal utility varies with time and changes at different speeds. In order to solve this problem, by parameterizing the time utility function, the user heterogeneity is introduced into the time-varying marginal utility bottleneck model, which solves the problem that the existing models can not accurately describe the congestion characteristics under mixed passenger and freight conditions. Based on the characteristics of congestion, the optimal pricing strategy for mixed customers is determined with the aim of maximizing social welfare, and the welfare effect of the strategy on all kinds of users is discussed. The results show that users with higher marginal utility growth rate will arrive earlier, and this congestion feature exists in the condition of no charging user equilibrium and social optimal charge. The social optimal charge is determined by the marginal time utility of the user in the origin and destination. The pricing strategy can make the congestion charge into the marginal cost of the freight user and make the freight user more easily accept the congestion pricing policy. The indirect utility of all users is consistent with the equilibrium state of no charge when the social optimal charge is not returned to the user at all, but the phenomenon of crowded queue can be completely eliminated. If charges are returned equally to all users, social optimal fees can achieve Pareto improvements. If more charges are returned to users with higher marginal utility at destination, the efficiency of user production can be improved.
【作者单位】： 北京交通大学交通运输学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(T16A800030)
【分类号】：F540.4;U491
，

本文编号：2069360