预约机制下码头集卡服务的排队模型

发布时间：2018-06-26 17:45

本文选题：集装箱码头 + 集卡预约　；参考：《大连海事大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国90%以上的集装箱进出港口是由集卡完成运输的,受集卡到达时间的不确定性及随机性影响,高峰时段码头拥堵严重,导致码头作业效率降低,并且加重了环境污染。集卡预约能有效缓解码头拥堵,降低外部集卡在码头的周转时间,目前在国内外港口已经应用。然而集卡预约是一个复杂的系统,涉及码头作业环节较多,影响因素较复杂,不仅受到自身多排队影响,还受码头内部作业计划的影响。因此,预约机制下,如何构建码头集卡服务的排队模型,实现各环节与集卡的协同调度是亟待解决的问题。本文以揭示预约机制下集卡到达与服务规律为目标,从三个方面构建预约机制下码头集卡服务的排队模型。首先,考虑集卡在闸口排队过程与堆场排队过程互相影响,构建集卡基于排队网络的集卡预约优化模型。该模型以减少集卡在码头周转时间为目标,优化集卡预约份额。为求解模型,设计基于遗传算法及逐点固定流体近似算法的启发式算法,并利用算例验证了该模型及算法的有效性。其次,预约机制下,考虑码头内部作业计划对集卡预约的影响,构建基于内外集卡协同服务的集卡预约优化模型,利用休假式排队方法描述龙门吊同时服务内外集卡过程。在同时考虑闸口能力、内部集卡在堆场的装卸计划及外部集卡在堆场的作业计划的情况下,优化码头外部集卡预约份额。为求解模型,设计基于遗传算法的求解方法,并利用算例验证模型与算法的有效性。最后,结合码头内部作业计划,考虑码头堆场龙门吊在内外集卡装卸任务的分配情况,建立基于堆场作业资源分配的集卡预约优化模型,利用带休假策略的排队论描述龙门吊服务内外集卡时的分配情况。考虑龙门吊调度、闸口能力、码头装卸计划,优化码头外部集卡预约份额及龙门吊分配。为求解模型,设计基于启发式算法的求解方法并验证模型与算法的有效性。研究结果表明,集卡预约能有效降低码头拥堵,提高码头作业效率。预约机制下,相关排队理论能有效刻画码头的排队过程,本文建立的预约优化模型可为码头管理集卡到达提供借鉴。
[Abstract]:More than 90% of the container ports in and out of our country are transported by the container card. Due to the uncertainty and randomness of the arrival time of the container, the jams of the terminals in the peak period are serious, which results in the reduction of the efficiency of the terminal operation and the aggravation of the environmental pollution. Card reservation can effectively alleviate the jams and reduce the turnaround time of the external card in the wharf, which has been applied in domestic and foreign ports. However, card reservation is a complex system, which involves many aspects of wharf operation, and the influencing factors are more complex. It is affected not only by its own multiple queues, but also by the internal operation plan of the wharf. Therefore, how to set up the queuing model of the card collection service in wharf under the reservation mechanism, and how to realize the cooperative scheduling between each link and the card is an urgent problem to be solved. This paper aims at revealing the rules of card arrival and service under the reservation mechanism, and constructs the queuing model of the card collection service in the terminal under the reservation mechanism from three aspects. Firstly, considering the interaction between card queuing process at gate and yard queuing process, a card reservation optimization model based on queuing network is constructed. The model aims at reducing the turnaround time of the card and optimizes the share of card reservation. In order to solve the model, a heuristic algorithm based on genetic algorithm and point-by-point fixed fluid approximation algorithm is designed, and the validity of the model and algorithm is verified by an example. Secondly under the reservation mechanism considering the influence of the internal operation plan of the terminal on the card reservation the optimization model of the card reservation based on the internal and external card collaborative service is constructed. The vacation queuing method is used to describe the internal and external card collection process of the gantry crane simultaneously. With the consideration of gate capacity, loading and unloading plan of internal card in yard and operation plan of external card in yard, the reservation share of external collecting card of wharf is optimized. In order to solve the model, a method based on genetic algorithm is designed, and the validity of the model and algorithm is verified by an example. Finally, considering the distribution of the loading and unloading tasks of the gantry crane in the dock yard, the optimization model of the card reservation based on the resource allocation of the yard operation is established according to the internal operation plan of the terminal. The queuing theory with vacation policy is used to describe the distribution of internal and external card collection in gantry crane service. Consider the scheduling of gantry crane, gate capacity, terminal loading and unloading plan, optimize the quota of external card booking and the allocation of gantry crane. In order to solve the model, a heuristic algorithm is designed and the validity of the model and algorithm is verified. The research results show that the card collection reservation can effectively reduce the jams and improve the efficiency of wharf operation. Under the reservation mechanism, the relevant queuing theory can effectively depict the queuing process of the wharf. The reservation optimization model established in this paper can provide a reference for the arrival of the terminal management card.
【学位授予单位】：大连海事大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U691.3

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