基于车路协同的单交叉口公交优先方法研究

发布时间：2018-06-27 05:25

本文选题：车速引导 + 协同控制　；参考：《上海应用技术学院》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：伴随经济与城市现代化的发展,道路拥堵问题制约着城市的可持续发展。发展智能公交系统(尤其是基于车路协同的智能公交系统),提高其服务水平,对于缓解城市交通拥堵带来的巨大压力有着重要意义。公交信号优先是提高公交系统服务水平的关键技术手段之一,然而,受限于数据采集技术的因素,数据信息是通过“检测器→信号控制系统”的单向传递,先前大部分的研究都是假设公交的行程车速服从某种分布或者固定不变作为系统控制模型的输入值,而由于交通流饱和度、信号和其他交通条件的影响,该输入条件很难与实际情况一致,导致模型的效率下降,进而降低了系统的控制效益。随着数据检测技术的进步,车路协同技术也得到进一步的发展,其为智能车载车辆与智能路侧单元之间提供了双向的实时信息交互环境,旨在进一步实现车路间最佳协调,提高交通效率与安全。在此基础上,本文在单交叉口层面,设计了基于车路协同技术的车速引导与信号配时协同控制的公交优先控制策略,通过车路间的信息交互,引导公交车辆适时的到达,从而使公交的行程车速从控制模型的输入转变为输出,发挥控制模型的最大效益。首先,本文设计了基于RFID车载电子标签的公交信号优先控制系统的框架。重点研究RFID技术与现有公交信号控制系统的融合及应用,分析系统的组成要素、相应的结构、数据与信息的交互方式,在此基础上提出了系统的工作原理和优化流程。其次,本文设计了基于车速引导与信号配时协同控制的公交优先控制方法。在优先控制方法思想指导下,重点分析公交到达时间窗与公交通行时间窗,并建立相应的车速引导与信号配时协同控制规则。再次,在单交叉口层面,分别以单引导车辆与多引导车辆为研究目标,建立控制模型。结合延误预测模型、停车次数预测模型提出了同时优化公交车速与信号控制方案的集成优化模型,模型输出信号配时方案与公交流到达即行驶车速数据。最后,对本文提出的优化模型进行仿真实验。与常规感应控制模型进行对比分析,仿真结果表明,本文控制模型的控制效益明显优于感应控制模型,其实现了将公交的行程车速从控制模型的输入到模型输出的转变,最大限度地发挥模型的执行效率,达到了公交车辆在交叉口优先通行的目标,为进一步提高公交系统运营服务水平奠定了理论基础。
[Abstract]:With the development of economy and urban modernization, the problem of road congestion restricts the sustainable development of the city. The development of intelligent public transport system (especially the intelligent bus system based on vehicle-road coordination) and the improvement of its service level are of great significance to alleviate the huge pressure brought by urban traffic congestion. Bus signal priority is one of the key technical means to improve the service level of public transport system. However, limited by the factors of data acquisition technology, data information is transmitted one-way through "detector signal control system". Most of the previous studies assumed that the bus travel speed suit was assumed to be input to the system control model from a certain distribution or a fixed pattern, due to the effects of traffic flow saturation, signals and other traffic conditions. The input condition is difficult to accord with the actual situation, which leads to the decrease of the efficiency of the model and the decrease of the control benefit of the system. With the progress of data detection technology, vehicle-road coordination technology has been further developed, which provides a two-way real-time information exchange environment between intelligent vehicle and intelligent road-side units, aiming at further realizing the best coordination between vehicles and roads. Improve traffic efficiency and safety. On this basis, this paper designs a bus priority control strategy based on the vehicle-road coordination technology to guide the speed guidance and signal timing coordination control at the single intersection level. Through the information exchange between the vehicles and roads, it can guide the bus vehicles to arrive at the right time. Thus, the speed of the bus travel is changed from the input to the output of the control model, and the maximum benefit of the control model is brought into play. Firstly, this paper designs the framework of bus signal priority control system based on RFID vehicle electronic tag. This paper focuses on the integration and application of RFID technology and existing bus signal control system, analyzes the elements of the system, the corresponding structure, the interaction between data and information, and puts forward the working principle and optimization flow of the system. Secondly, this paper designs a bus priority control method based on speed guidance and signal timing coordination control. Under the guidance of priority control method, the bus arrival time window and transit time window are analyzed, and the corresponding speed guidance and signal timing cooperative control rules are established. Thirdly, at the level of single intersection, single guide vehicle and multi-guide vehicle are taken as the research object respectively, and the control model is established. Based on the delay prediction model and the parking frequency prediction model, an integrated optimization model for simultaneously optimizing the bus speed and the signal control scheme is proposed. The model outputs the signal timing scheme and the common-AC arrival speed data. Finally, the optimization model proposed in this paper is simulated. Compared with the conventional induction control model, the simulation results show that the control efficiency of the control model is obviously superior to the induction control model, and it realizes the change of the bus travel speed from the input of the control model to the output of the model. The efficiency of the model can be maximized to achieve the goal of giving priority to public transport vehicles at intersections and lay a theoretical foundation for further improving the operation and service level of public transport systems.
【学位授予单位】：上海应用技术学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U495

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