基于径向基函数的非刚性护栏的结构优化设计

发布时间：2018-06-29 14:10

本文选题：非刚性护栏 + 碰撞安全性　；参考：《湖南大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着我国高速公路的迅猛发展,高速公路交通事故也呈逐年上升的趋势。在高速公路交通事故中有近三分之一是车辆与护栏碰撞造成的,每年都会造成巨大人员伤亡和财产损失。护栏尤其是非刚性护栏是高速公路上最主要的安全保护设施,它的主要作用是:可以吸收汽车碰撞过程中的部分能量,减小汽车质心加速度峰值;另外还可以迫使失控车辆恢复到正常的行驶方向,避免二次碰撞的出现。高速公路的蓬勃发展必然带动护栏需求量的激增,因此,在高速公路上设置合理的防撞护栏对减小交通事故的人员伤亡有着重要的作用。本文首先对近年来国内外护栏研究的现状做了简要的概括,并阐述了护栏的基本理论以及护栏碰撞的评价标准,重点分析了非刚性护栏优缺点;在国内外常用的护栏研究方法的基础上,提出了一种实用、便捷的护栏优化方法;基于汽车碰撞乘员安全性考虑,采用径向基函数回归模型对高速公路上应用广泛的两种非刚性护栏,即三波形护栏和缆索护栏,进行了优化设计。在对非刚性护栏进行优化设计时,首先基于仿真软件Hyperworks建立了汽车与护栏的碰撞有限元模型,从乘员安全性和护栏的防撞性能考虑定义优化问题;然后运用试验设计得到样本点,并构造高精度的径向基函数近似模型;最后采用遗传算法得到优化结果,对优化后护栏进行碰撞模拟并进行综合评价。研究表明:优化后护栏的整体防撞性能得到了很大的提高。本文对非刚性护栏结构的优化设计方法适用于任何形式的护栏,这种优化方法不仅丰富了计算机仿真分析方法,而且弥补了以前依靠大量实车碰撞试验和设计经验来设计护栏的不足,能有效的降低护栏前期设计周期和设计成本,具有一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of expressway in our country, the traffic accident of expressway is rising year by year. Nearly 1/3 of highway traffic accidents are caused by vehicle collision with guardrail, which causes huge casualties and property losses every year. The guardrail, especially the non-rigid guardrail, is the most important safety protection facility on the freeway, its main function is: it can absorb part of the energy in the process of the automobile collision, reduce the acceleration peak value of the vehicle center of mass; In addition, it can force the out-of-control vehicle to return to its normal direction and avoid the occurrence of secondary collision. The vigorous development of expressway will inevitably lead to a surge in the demand for guardrail. Therefore, it is very important to set up a reasonable anti-collision guardrail on the expressway to reduce the casualties of traffic accidents. In this paper, the current situation of guardrail research at home and abroad in recent years is briefly summarized, and the basic theory of guardrail and the evaluation criteria of guardrail collision are expounded, and the advantages and disadvantages of non-rigid guardrail are emphatically analyzed. Based on the common research methods of guardrail at home and abroad, a practical and convenient optimization method of guardrail is put forward, which is based on the safety considerations of vehicle crash occupants. The radial basis function regression model is used to optimize the design of two kinds of non-rigid guardrail which are widely used in freeway, that is, three-wave guardrail and cable guardrail. In the optimization design of non-rigid guardrail, the collision finite element model of vehicle and guardrail is established based on Hyperworks, and the problem of defining optimization is considered from the safety of occupants and the anti-collision performance of guardrail. Then the sample points are obtained by experimental design, and the radial basis function approximation model with high accuracy is constructed. Finally, the optimized results are obtained by genetic algorithm, and the collision simulation of the optimized guardrail is carried out and the comprehensive evaluation is carried out. The results show that the overall anti-collision performance of the optimized guardrail has been greatly improved. In this paper, the optimization design method of non-rigid guardrail structure is suitable for any form of guardrail. This optimization method not only enriches the method of computer simulation analysis, It also makes up for the deficiency of designing guardrail based on a large number of actual vehicle crash test and design experience. It can effectively reduce the design cycle and design cost of the guardrail, and has certain reference value.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U417.12

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