基于无人驾驶汽车的自主能源调度机制研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 04:02

本文选题：无人驾驶汽车 + 充电调度　；参考：《电子科技大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着无人驾驶汽车技术的不断发展,其安全、高效的优势日益凸显。但由于无人驾驶汽车的最大里程(即续航里程)受到驱动电能的制约,在行驶的过程中需要充电站或充电桩对其进行充电,所以解决无人驾驶汽车如何寻找、选择充电站充电和充电站如何布局,就成为无人驾驶汽车得到普遍应用中关键的问题,同时解决这些问题对提高未来城市交通效率和城市生活效率具有重要的意义。然而目前大多数的充电站规划侧重考虑对智能电网的影响,缺乏对城市环境下交通流量结合路网的研究。而车辆充电中产生的竞争导致充电效率和充电站利用效率不高,针对这个问题直接用已有的车辆充电调度方案的效果并不是很理想。针对充电调度和充电站布局问题,本文设计了相应的解决方案。首先,本文结合未来城市环境下,无人驾驶汽车车辆比较多、充电需求比较大的特点,在VANET环境下寻找充电站的场景,由于信息的局限性导致车辆之间会产生不良的竞争,使得车辆节点产生更大的路径开销以及充电站的利用率不高的情况,从而在此基础上设计了车辆协作充电调度机制。该机制在一定程度上解决车辆节点寻找充电站时自私竞争引起的不当后果,通过车辆节点之间的协同合作减少了车辆寻找充电站的时间,并且有效地提高了充电站的利用率。然后,本文分析了在VANET环境下车辆节点在寻找充电站充电的应用场景,并设计了性能指标和仿真参数,最后通过对基于抢占式原则以及协作式原则机制的仿真对比,证明了车辆协作算法在寻找充电站时间、充电站的空闲时间和充电站的利用率存在一定的优势,可以实现车辆有效的充电。最后,本文设计了一种城市环境下面向自主充电调度的充电站规划的方法,在分析城市交通路口节点的车流量和由此产生的充电需求的基础上,利用聚类算法产生充电需求集群和每个集群中的类代表点,然后以类代表点为初始充电站选址进行充电站服务区域的划分,进而不断的优化,并根据加权的Voronoi图来确定充电站的最终服务范围,最后通过仿真验证了方案的可行性,为充电站的规划提供了参考。
[Abstract]:With the continuous development of driverless vehicle technology, its advantages of safety and efficiency are becoming increasingly prominent. However, since the maximum mileage of driverless vehicles (i.e., the range of the driverless vehicles) is restricted by the driving power, charging stations or charging piles are required to charge the driverless cars during the driving process, so how to find the driverless cars is solved. How to select charging stations and how to layout charging stations has become a key problem in the universal application of driverless vehicles. At the same time, solving these problems is of great significance to improve the urban traffic efficiency and urban life efficiency in the future. However, most of the current charging station planning focuses on the impact on the smart grid, and lack of research on the combination of traffic flow and road network in urban environment. However, the competition in vehicle charging leads to the low efficiency of charging and charging station, so it is not very ideal to use the existing vehicle charging scheduling scheme directly to solve this problem. Aiming at the problem of charging dispatching and charging station layout, the corresponding solution is designed in this paper. First of all, considering the characteristics of more driverless vehicles and higher charging demand in the future urban environment, this paper looks for charging stations in VANET environment. Due to the limitation of information, there will be a bad competition between vehicles. It makes the vehicle node produce more path overhead and lower utilization rate of charging station, so the vehicle cooperative charging scheduling mechanism is designed. To a certain extent, the mechanism solves the improper consequences caused by selfish competition when the vehicle nodes are looking for charging stations. The cooperative cooperation between the vehicle nodes reduces the time for vehicles to find charging stations, and effectively improves the utilization rate of charging stations. Then, this paper analyzes the application scene of vehicle nodes looking for charging station in VANET environment, and designs the performance index and simulation parameters. Finally, through the simulation comparison based on preemptive principle and cooperative principle mechanism. It is proved that the vehicle cooperation algorithm has some advantages in finding the charging station time, the idle time of the charging station and the utilization ratio of the charging station, which can realize the effective charging of the vehicle. Finally, this paper designs a charging station planning method for autonomous charging scheduling in urban environment. Based on the analysis of the traffic flow and the resulting charging demand at the intersection of urban traffic, Cluster algorithm is used to generate charging demand cluster and cluster representative points in each cluster. Then the service area of charging station is divided by cluster representative point as initial charging station location, and then the service area of charging station is continuously optimized. According to the weighted Voronoi diagram, the final service range of the charging station is determined. Finally, the feasibility of the scheme is verified by simulation, which provides a reference for the charging station planning.
【学位授予单位】：电子科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.8

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