行人交通特征的实验和模型研究

发布时间：2018-07-08 15:53

本文选题：行人流 + 受限视野　；参考：《中国科学技术大学》2017年博士论文

【摘要】：随着社会经济的快速发展,人们出行需求量飞速上升,步行是其中最为基础也必不可少的一种方式。最近几十年来,各种不同领域的研究人员开始投入到行人交通流研究中,以便更详细准确地了解行人行为特征规律,从而提高行人的出行安全和舒适程度。行人交通作为一个非常复杂的非线性系统,其中出现的一些现象仍然没有被很好的解释,面临的很多问题也没能被解决。本文根据现有的行人交通流研究,对房间疏散逃生、单向行人流和双向行人流进行了更深入的调查分析,通过可控实验和仿真模型结合的手段,充实和丰富特定情况下的行人交通流理论。本文的主要工作有:进行单出口通道行人流实验,研究行人数量对疏散动态过程的影响。实验结果显示,疏散时间和行人数目呈倍数增长的关系:另外,连续行人之间的疏散时间间隔在整个实验过程前后保持稳定,意味着非恐慌条件下疏散效率和房间内的剩余人数没有直接关系。进行环形通道行人流实验,研究视野受限对单向和双向行人流的影响。实验要求行人在正常视野环境或者视野受限环境下,在环形通道内沿着顺时针或者逆时针行走。实验发现,无论单向行人流还是双向行人流,视野受限环境下的流量均低于正常视野环境下的流量。双向行人流中,正常视野环境下不同方向行人迅速分离成独立的稳定队列,由于右行偏好习惯,顺时针/逆时针行人总是靠近环形通道内侧/外侧边界前进。视野受限环境下的第一组双向行人流实验中,没有出现对向成行自组织现象,行人运动始终没有演化成稳定的成行状态,局部高密度拥堵不断出现和消散。但是在视野受限环境下的后续实验中,不同方向行人会较快地形成队列,这是因为行人获得右行偏好能够避免碰撞的经验,从而加速了队列的形成。进行环形通道行人流实验,研究打伞行为对单向和双向行人流的影响。实验要求行人在常规条件或者打伞条件下,在环形通道内沿着顺时针或者逆时针行走。实验发现,无论单向行人流还是双向行人流,打伞情况下的流量均低于常规条件下的流量。常规条件下双向行人流出现对向成行自组织现象,分离成两条靠右侧行走的队列。而在打伞条件下,不同方向行人也会形成队列,但是队列数量可能不止两条,而且行人没有呈现明显的左右行偏好。我们对上述行人流实验进行了模型模拟。我们发现利用基本的社会力模型无法成功再现上述实验中的现象,因此需要对原始的社会力模型进行改进。为了再现疏散动态过程,我们提出了一个改进的社会力模型。模型中假设当行人个体承受的物理斥力的矢量和超过某个临界值时,该行人将暂时性无法继续维持前进的驱动力。模拟结果显示,此改进模型仿真结果和实验结果一致程度较高。为了再现受限视野实验中的行人流动态特征,我们提出了一个改进的受力模型。模型中调整了行人驱动力方向和大小,加入了右行偏好机制,并考虑到行人在视野受限环境下无法准确判断前进方向。考虑了这些因素后,仿真结果和实验结果相吻合。为了再现打伞行人流的实验规律,我们在原始社会力模型中添加了雨伞之间的物理接触力,得到的仿真结果和实验结果一致。本文研究成果有助于改善行人交通基础公共设施的设计,同时优化大型活动和疏散逃生的引导方案。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy, people's travel demand is rising rapidly. Walking is one of the most essential and essential ways. In recent decades, researchers in various fields have begun to invest in the study of pedestrian traffic so as to more accurately and accurately understand the characteristics of pedestrian behavior, thus improving pedestrians. Pedestrian traffic as a very complex nonlinear system, some of these phenomena are still not well explained and many problems can not be solved. Through the investigation and analysis, the pedestrian traffic flow theory is enriched and enriched by the combination of controlled experiment and simulation model. The main work of this paper is as follows: the pedestrian flow experiment of single exit channel is carried out to study the influence of pedestrian number on the evacuation dynamic process. The experimental results show that the relationship between the evacuation time and the number of pedestrians is multiplier. In addition, the evacuation time interval between continuous pedestrians remains stable before and after the whole experimental process, which means that the evacuation efficiency is not directly related to the remaining numbers in the room under non panic conditions. A circular passage pedestrian flow experiment is carried out to study the effect of vision limitation on one-way and two-way pedestrian flow. The experiment requires pedestrians in a normal field of vision. It is found that the flow of one-way pedestrian flow or two-way pedestrian flow is lower than that under normal visual field. In two-way pedestrian flow, pedestrians in different directions are separated rapidly into independent stability in a normal field of vision. In the first group of two-way pedestrian flow experiments under the environment limited environment, there is no self organizing phenomenon of the opposite direction, and the pedestrian movement has not evolved into a stable running state, and the local high density congestion appears and disappear. But in the follow-up experiment under the confinement environment, pedestrians in different directions will quickly form a queue. This is because pedestrians get the experience of avoiding collision by the right preference of pedestrians, thus speeding up the formation of the queue. It is found that the flow of the one-way pedestrian flow or the two-way pedestrian flow is lower than the conventional flow under the normal condition or the umbrella condition. In the conventional condition, the two-way pedestrian flow appears to be self-organized, and two lines are separated on the right side. Under the condition of umbrella, pedestrians in different directions will also form a queue, but the number of queues may be more than two, and the pedestrians do not show obvious left and right preference. It is necessary to improve the original social force model. In order to reproduce the dynamic process of evacuation, we propose an improved social force model. The model assumes that the pedestrian will not continue to sustain the driving force when the physical repulsion vector of a pedestrian is more than a certain critical value. The simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results. In order to reproduce the dynamic characteristics of the pedestrian flow in the restricted field of vision experiment, we propose an improved force model. The model adjusts the direction and size of the pedestrian driving force, adds the right preference mechanism, and considers that the pedestrian can not accurately judge the advance in the limited environment. After considering these factors, the simulation results are in agreement with the experimental results. In order to reproduce the experimental rules of the pedestrian flow in the umbrella line, we add the physical contact force between the umbrellas in the original social force model, and the simulation results are in agreement with the experimental results. The results of this paper are helpful to improve the establishment of the basic public facilities for pedestrian traffic. At the same time, optimize the guidance plan for large-scale activities and evacuation.
【学位授予单位】：中国科学技术大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.226

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