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预紧式安全带对乘员的保护效果研究

发布时间:2018-07-18 15:21
【摘要】:在交通事故发生时,汽车安全带是最重要的乘员保护装置。为保证乘员的舒适,安全带在正常佩戴时总会存在一定的织带松弛量,这会降低乘员约束系统的保护效果。预紧式安全带能够有效地消除织带松弛量,其中较广泛地被使用的是火药式卷收器预紧、带扣预紧等类型。随着技术的革新,双级预紧器逐渐被汽车公司提出,一些文献表明:相对于传统单边预紧安全带,双级预紧器能够提高乘员的约束效率,并对减小乘员下潜风险以及改善大腿损伤起到重要作用。基于此,本文提出了一种新型双边预紧器,能够在单预紧器的基础上实现双级预紧器的功能。进一步,通过对该双边预紧、卷收器预紧、带扣预紧三种预紧方式展开仿真对比研究,以评价这三种预紧器的性能特点。具体研究内容如下:1、提出了新型双边预紧结构并利用C ATIA对其进行了概念设计,再基于MADYMO建立与验证了正碰驾驶员侧约束系统模型,在此基础上分别建立双边预紧、带扣预紧和卷收器预紧的安全带模型,对比分析了三者的性能参数和在典型碰撞工况中乘员RIDE-DOWN能量效率及损伤响应情况。2、基于三种预紧安全带对安全带织带刚度、预紧开始时刻、安全带上挂点高度、腰带位置四个参数进行正交试验设计,并采用极差分析的方法对比分析了这四个参数对三种预紧式安全带作用下的乘员保护效果的影响。3、建立基于MA DYMO主动人体模型的约束系统模型,分别在正常工况和危险工况下,对比研究三种预紧器作用下人体模型的腹部损伤情况。结果表明,卷收器预紧受到预紧力大小的限制使得约束效能有限,而双边预紧器及带扣预紧器可以通过增大预紧力来提高预紧量及预紧效率,且RIDE-DO WN能量效率高,也有利于减小大腿力。带扣预紧器能较大地减小胸部压缩量,而双边预紧器作用下的乘员整体保护效果最好,带扣预紧器其次,卷收器预紧最差。另外,对于不同的预紧式安全带,影响其对乘员保护效果的参数最优水平值均有所不同,该研究能为不同预紧式安全带在约束系统中的更好匹配提供参考。正常工况下预紧类型对乘员腹部损伤影响小,正确地佩戴安全带以及约束系统较好的匹配能够很好的改善腹部损伤;危险工况下双边预紧安全带能够减小乘员下潜风险,其腹部保护效果比其余两种预紧方式好,此外,带扣预紧安全带作用下的乘员腹部损伤风险比卷收器预紧安全带要小。本文的研究结果对改进现有预紧方式以及开发新的预紧器具有一定指导意义。
[Abstract]:Car seat belts are the most important occupant protection device in traffic accidents. In order to ensure the comfort of the occupants, there will always be a certain amount of belt relaxation in the normal wearing of the seat belt, which will reduce the protective effect of the occupant restraint system. Pre-fastening seatbelt can effectively eliminate the loose amount of ribbon, among which, it is widely used in the types of gunpowder reel preload, belt buckle preload and so on. With the innovation of technology, the two-stage preload has been gradually proposed by the automobile company. Some literatures show that the two-stage preload can improve the constraint efficiency of the occupants compared with the traditional one-sided pretightening seatbelt. It also plays an important role in reducing the risk of diving and improving thigh injury. Based on this, this paper presents a new type of two-sided preloader, which can realize the function of two-stage preloader on the basis of single preloader. In order to evaluate the performance of the three kinds of pretightening methods, three pretightening modes, such as bilateral preload, coil preload and buckle preload, are simulated and compared. The specific research contents are as follows: 1. A new type of two-sided preload structure is proposed and designed with the help of CTIA. Based on MADYMO, the model of the forward-collision driver side constraint system is established and verified. On this basis, the two-sided pre-tightening is established respectively. The seatbelt model with buckle preload and coiler preload is compared and analyzed, and the energy efficiency and damage response of the occupant RIDE-DOWN in typical collision condition are analyzed. Based on the stiffness of three kinds of preloaded seat belts, At the beginning of pretightening, the four parameters, the height of the seat belt and the position of the belt, are designed by orthogonal test. The influence of these four parameters on the occupant protection effect under the action of three kinds of pretightening seat belts is analyzed by means of range analysis. The restraint system model based on MA DYMO active human body model is established, which is respectively under normal and dangerous conditions. A comparative study of abdominal injury in human models under the action of three prestressing devices was carried out. The results show that the preload of the winder is limited by the pretightening force, while the bilateral preload and the preload with buckle can increase the preload and preload efficiency by increasing the preload force, and the energy efficiency of RIDE-DO WN is higher than that of the RIDE-DO WN. It also helps to reduce the strength of the thighs. The preload with buckle can greatly reduce the compression of the chest, while the overall protection effect of the occupants under the action of the bilateral preload is the best, the preload with the buckle is the second, and the coil is the worst. In addition, for different pre-fastening seat belts, the optimal level values of the parameters affecting the occupant protection effectiveness are different. This study can provide a reference for the better matching of different pre-fastening seat belts in the restraint system. Under normal working condition, the type of preload has little effect on the occupant's abdominal injury, the correct wearing of seat belt and the better matching of restraint system can improve the abdominal injury, and the bilateral pretightening of seat belt can reduce the risk of occupant diving under dangerous working conditions. The effect of abdominal protection is better than that of the other two pretightening modes. In addition, the risk of abdominal injury of the occupants with buckle and buckle is lower than that of the coiler. The results of this paper have some guiding significance for improving the existing preload mode and developing new preload apparatus.
【学位授予单位】:湖南大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:U491.61

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相关期刊论文 前1条

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相关硕士学位论文 前3条

1 董龙;汽车正面碰撞乘员约束系统仿真与稳健优化方法研究[D];浙江大学;2014年

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