城市公交调度策略与方案优化研究

发布时间：2018-07-27 18:00

【摘要】：目前,伴随着城市生活水平的上升,社会的发展进步与经济水平的提高,城市机动车保有量也在逐年提升,这使得城市交通问题日益严峻,人们越来越认同具有低能源消耗、低环境污染、低土地占用、低出行成本等优点的公共交通是缓解目前城市拥堵的最好方式。而公交运营的核心内容——公交调度,在日常公交工作中显得十分重要,同时,对公交调度系统进行设计与优化研究也是提高运行服务水平、提升公交出行方式吸引程度的关键。本次研究从公交管理组织和调度现状出发,在此基础上提出现有系统的不足之处。最后分别从公交调度模式及其策略;智能公交调度系统研究;公交车辆线路调度优化研究三个方面进行深入详细的探索。公交车辆调度工作依据是否具备实时特性可以分为静态调度和动态调度,而按照调度组织的最小单位(车辆与线路),公交调度又分为线路调度和区域调度。本次研究分别针对线路调度和区域调度,在对比分析这两种调度模式的基础上进一步研究了其对应的调度模式。最后指出虽然区域调度优势突出,是未来发展的趋势,但是线路调度作为前提与基础,针对它的研究不可或缺。结合当前城市公交调度体系的现状,本次研究针对不同的对象进行了需求分析,这些对象包括管理决策者,公交出行者与公交企业。接下来分析了智能公交系统所要达到的目标,进而对一个完整的实时调度过程做出设想。在公交车辆线路调度优化部分,本次研究以乘客的等车时间最小和公交企业运营效益最大为目标,为了尽量保证双方的利益,本次研究不涉及权重指标分配,对等地看待两个优化目标,即多目标优化问题,最后将整个优化过程用一个明确的数学模型表达。该模型的决策变量为车辆的发车时刻,约束条件包括发出车辆间隔,相邻车辆时间间隔以及期望车辆满载率,求解算法采用基于遗传算法的多目标优化法,最后依靠计算机编程实现模型的求解。在实例研究方面,本次研究选择兰州市快速公交B1路为研究对象进行案例分析,利用Matlab软件将模型转化为程序代码,从而进行发车时刻表计算,并将求解得到的发车时刻表与现行计划进行对比。最后,鉴于B1路部分站点客流的种类与时间分布特性,还考虑了大站快车的辅助调度计划,将其加入新的时刻表中配合使用。
[Abstract]:At present, with the rise of urban living standards, the development of society and the improvement of economic level, the number of urban motor vehicles is also increasing year by year, which makes the urban traffic problems become increasingly serious, people more and more agree with the low energy consumption. Low environmental pollution, low land occupation, low travel cost and other advantages of public transport is the best way to alleviate the current urban congestion. The core content of public transport operation-bus dispatch, is very important in the daily public transport work, at the same time, the design and optimization of the bus dispatching system is also to improve the level of operation services. The key to enhance the attraction of bus travel mode. Based on the present situation of bus management organization and dispatch, the deficiency of the existing system is put forward. Finally, from three aspects of bus scheduling mode and strategy, intelligent bus scheduling system research and bus route scheduling optimization research, the paper makes a deep and detailed exploration. Bus scheduling can be divided into static scheduling and dynamic scheduling according to whether it has real-time characteristics. According to the smallest unit of scheduling organization (vehicle and line), bus scheduling can be divided into line scheduling and regional scheduling. In this study, the corresponding scheduling modes are further studied based on the comparative analysis of the two scheduling modes for line scheduling and regional scheduling. Finally, it is pointed out that although the superiority of regional scheduling is prominent, it is the trend of future development, but as the premise and foundation, the research of line scheduling is indispensable. Combined with the current situation of urban public transport scheduling system, this study analyzed the needs of different objects, including management decision makers, public transport travelers and public transport enterprises. Then, the goal of intelligent bus system is analyzed, and a complete real-time scheduling process is envisaged. In the part of bus route scheduling optimization, the aim of this study is to minimize the waiting time of passengers and maximize the operational benefits of public transport enterprises. In order to ensure the interests of both sides as far as possible, this study does not involve the allocation of weights. Two optimization objectives are treated equally, that is, multi-objective optimization problem. Finally, the whole optimization process is expressed in a clear mathematical model. The decision variable of the model is the departure time of the vehicle. The constraint conditions include the vehicle interval, the time interval between adjacent vehicles and the expected vehicle full load rate. The algorithm uses the multi-objective optimization method based on genetic algorithm. Finally, the solution of the model is realized by computer programming. In the aspect of case study, this study selected bus Rapid Transit B1 Road in Lanzhou as the case study object, using Matlab software to transform the model into program code, so as to calculate the departure schedule. The train timetable is compared with the current plan. Finally, in view of the type and time distribution characteristics of the passenger flow at the B1 station, the auxiliary scheduling plan of the express train at the large station is considered, and it is added to the new timetable to be used together.
【学位授予单位】：兰州交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.17

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