基于实测的海洋桥梁桥址区波浪特性及波浪力研究

发布时间：2018-08-02 08:22

【摘要】：随着我国经济的持续快速发展,我国东南沿海地区修建了越来越多的海洋桥梁。然而,海洋桥梁桥址区受台风影响,巨浪、大风频发,海洋环境十分恶劣。波浪,特别是台风期间的极端波浪对海洋桥梁的建设和安全运营构成严重威胁。因此,急需通过现场实测来对海洋桥梁桥址区的波浪特性和波浪力进行研究。通过海洋桥梁桥址区的现场实测来对波浪数据处理及波浪特性的研究较少,对海洋桥梁桥址区风浪相关性的研究相对较少,基于实测波面数据的波浪力计算方法未见报道。针对上述问题,本文以在建的平潭海峡公铁两用大桥现场波浪和风实测资料为依托,以海洋桥梁桥址区的波浪特性和波浪力为研究对象,开展了以下研究:(1)通过对桥址区实测波面数据的分析,提出了针对声学波浪仪波面数据的预处理方法。通过随机产生一定百分比的错误数据的方法,研究了该方法的适用范围,验证了本文方法的有效性。(2)利用预处理后的波浪数据,研究了台风期间实测得到的各统计波高之间的比值,通过与《港口与航道水文规范》(JTS145-2015)给出的比值比较发现,实测值略小于规范值,根据规范进行各统计波高的计算是偏安全的。同时,通过概率密度研究发现,平潭海峡桥址区的波高服从Gumbel分布,而波浪周期服从Weibull分布,对于未来通过概率方法研究波浪灾害提供了重要参考。(3)基于实测的风数据研究了桥址区的风特性,探讨了风向、风速和波高的关系,并研究了风浪相关性,得到了台风期间风浪的拟合公式。(4)提出了一种无须采集任何结构波压力或结构响应,仅通过波面实测即可快速获取结构波浪力的便捷方法。通过与经典波浪理论比较,验证了方法拟合波浪速度梯度和加速度梯度的准确性。通过与USFOS分析软件的结构波浪力分析对比,研究了该方法的计算精度。本论文研究成果可为海洋桥梁桥址区的波浪实测、波浪特性分析和波浪力监测提供重要参考。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of economy in China, more and more ocean bridges have been built in the southeast coastal area of China. However, the ocean bridge site is affected by typhoon, heavy waves and high winds, and the marine environment is very bad. Waves, especially extreme waves during typhoons, pose a serious threat to the construction and safe operation of ocean bridges. Therefore, it is urgent to study the wave characteristics and wave forces in the ocean bridge site by field measurements. There are few researches on wave data processing and wave characteristics based on the field measurements of ocean bridge sites, and relatively few studies on the correlation between wind and wave in ocean bridge sites. The method of wave force calculation based on measured wave surface data has not been reported. In order to solve the above problems, based on the measured data of wave and wind on the site of the bridge in Pingtan Strait, this paper takes the wave characteristics and wave forces in the site of the bridge as the research object. The following studies are carried out: (1) based on the analysis of the measured wave surface data in the bridge site, a preprocessing method for the wave surface data of the acoustic wave meter is proposed. The application range of this method is studied by generating a certain percentage of error data at random. The validity of this method is verified. (2) the wave data after pretreatment are used. The ratio of the statistical wave heights measured during the typhoon is studied. By comparing with the ratios given by the Port and Channel Hydrology Code (JTS145-2015), it is found that the measured values are slightly smaller than the standard values, and the calculation of the statistical wave heights according to the codes is relatively safe. At the same time, through the study of probability density, it is found that the wave height clothing in the bridge area of Pingtan Strait is distributed from Gumbel, while the wave periodic suit is distributed from Weibull. It provides an important reference for the future study of wave disaster by probability method. (3) based on the measured wind data, the wind characteristics of bridge site are studied, the relationship among wind direction, wind speed and wave height is discussed, and the correlation between wind and wave is studied. The fitting formula of wind and wave during typhoon is obtained. (4) A convenient method is proposed to obtain the wave force of the structure without collecting any structural wave pressure or structural response. By comparing with classical wave theory, the accuracy of fitting wave velocity gradient and acceleration gradient is verified. The calculation accuracy of this method is studied by comparing the wave force analysis of structure with that of USFOS software. The research results of this paper can provide important reference for wave measurement, wave characteristic analysis and wave force monitoring in ocean bridge site.
【学位授予单位】：西南交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U442

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