公路养护机具研究与设计

发布时间：2018-08-06 17:21

【摘要】：经济的高速发展带动了各地区之间物质交换的需求,各地之间商品以及原材料的交换数量越来越多,越来越频繁,公路上的汽车往返交错,日夜不停,对公路的养护造成了极大的困难。科学技术的发展,给公路养护事业带来了新的发展动力,各种公路养护机具的使用,极大地提高了公路养护事业的技术水平。但随着公路养护事业的发展机遇的到来,公路的养护工作给一个相关的从业人员带来了极大的挑战。目前我国主要的杂草控制方法就是采用化举或机械化学方法来灭草,少数地区仍采用工人除草。人工除草劳动强度大、耗时费力、作业效率低;化学或机械化学方法除草所用化学除草剂的残留毒性,会造成一定的污染。本设计在认真体会可持续发展的要求,为了解决好除草作业,减轻劳动强度,提高劳动生产力同时降低环境污染,研究并设计了一种车载机械除草装置。本文设计的后车载形式的除草机,整体结构和原理比较简单,对工作环境的要求和操作人员的要求不是太高。本方案要实现的最大功能是除草机刀具和挖沟机挖斗的随意互换,完成两种完全不同的作业。在进行公路养护工作过程中,沥青摊铺机体重大,底盘底,不利于行驶,且普通半挂车不能实现其运输。因此设计液压托举装置与半挂车配合对其进行运输。本次设计是利用液压系统提供动力,让车辆驶到托举平台上,然后举升到与运输车同等高度的位置,再让车辆开到运输车上面。其原理主要是通过四个起升油缸带动承载台,利用尼龙块与立柱内表面做轨道,实现承台的上下移动。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of the economy has led to the demand for material exchange between different regions. More and more goods and raw materials are exchanged between different places, and there are more and more cars on the road interlacing, day and night. Great difficulties have been caused to the maintenance of the highway. The development of science and technology has brought a new impetus to highway maintenance. The use of various highway maintenance machines and tools has greatly improved the technical level of highway maintenance. However, with the development opportunity of highway maintenance, highway maintenance brings a great challenge to a relative employee. At present, the main method of weed control in China is to use chemical lifting or mechanochemical methods to kill grass, and in a few areas, workers are still used for weeding. The labor intensity of artificial weeding is high, the time consuming is laborious, the working efficiency is low, and the residual toxicity of chemical herbicides used in chemical or mechanochemical methods will cause certain pollution. In order to solve the problem of weeding, reduce labor intensity, improve labor productivity and reduce environmental pollution, this design has studied and designed a kind of vehicle-mounted mechanical weeding device in order to realize the requirement of sustainable development. The overall structure and principle of the hind- mounted weeding machine designed in this paper are relatively simple, and the requirements for the working environment and operators are not too high. The maximum function to be realized in this scheme is the random exchange of the weeding cutter and the dredger bucket and the completion of two completely different operations. In the course of highway maintenance, asphalt paver has the advantages of heavy weight, bottom of chassis, which is not good for driving, and ordinary semi-trailer can not carry out its transportation. Therefore, design hydraulic lift device and semi-trailer to carry out transportation. This design is designed to use hydraulic system to provide power, let the vehicle drive to the lift platform, then lift to the same height as the transport vehicle, and then let the vehicle to the transport vehicle. The principle is to drive the bearing table through four lifting oil cylinders and make use of the nylon block and the inner surface of the column as the track to realize the upper and lower movement of the cap.
【学位授予单位】：东北石油大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U418.3

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