电动汽车充换电站规划方法及运营状态评估研究

发布时间：2018-08-09 07:23

【摘要】：化石能源短缺,环境污染加剧促进了电动汽车产业的发展,随着电动汽车电池技术的进步,电动汽车未来将逐步实现商业化运营。电动汽车是最有发展前景的一类新能源汽车,电动汽车是我国新能源汽车发展的主要战略取向。电动汽车充换电站作为电动汽车配套设施的重要组成部分,在政府政策支持及企业积极参与下得到迅速发展。大规模电动汽车充换电站的建设和运营是发展电动汽车消费市场的重要保证。因此,有必要针对电动汽车充换电站的规划及运营技术展开研究。电动汽车充换电站的充电负荷变化会对电网产生一定的冲击。电动汽车充换电站负荷具有充电地点固定、充电时间集中、充电负荷较大等特点。本文首先在计算充换电站充电负荷的基础上,分析了充换电站对电网电能质量和经济运行产生的影响。通过比较不同时段含充换电站充电负荷和不含充电负荷的配电网潮流的电压偏移及网损率,仿真表明电动汽车充换电站运营对电网会产生一定的不利影响。然后,在分析充换电站充电负荷对电网影响基础上,面向电动汽车充换电站运营周期,详细分析了充换电站的成本效益及全寿命周期成本的计算方法;基于上述工作,提出利用交通路网车流量信息估算充电站容量,以充换电站运营商获得的净现值收益最大为优选目标,以交通路网车流量、电网电能质量和经济性、用户充电需求为约束条件,确定充换电站的选址和容量;进一步地,提出了计及全寿命周期成本的充换电站优化规划模型,并采用量子遗传算法求解该模型。算例仿真表明,优化规划模型及其求解方法有效。最后,为检验充换电站规划建设效果,提高电动汽车充换电站运营管理水平,提出了一种考虑客户满意度的电动汽车充换电站运营状态评估方法。首先将客户对电动汽车充换电站服务评级和充换电站运行状况信息作为证据,运用DS/G2法进行证据融合,确定单个客户对某一电动汽车充换电站的运营状态评估结果。然后引入证据冲突的概念,对多个客户评估结果量化值的权重进行综合优化,基于D-S证据理论融合多个客户的评估结果,得到多个充换电站运营水平的优劣比较。通过对充换电站运营状态的评估,对于提升充换电站服务水平具有一定的指导意义。算例验证了该方法的可行性。
[Abstract]:The shortage of fossil energy and environmental pollution have promoted the development of electric vehicle industry. With the development of electric vehicle battery technology, electric vehicle will be commercialized gradually in the future. Electric vehicle (EV) is the most promising kind of new energy vehicle. Electric vehicle (EV) is the main strategic orientation of the development of new energy vehicle in China. As an important part of the electric vehicle supporting facilities, the electric vehicle charging power station has been developed rapidly with the support of government policy and the active participation of enterprises. The construction and operation of large-scale electric vehicle replacement power station is an important guarantee for the development of electric vehicle consumption market. Therefore, it is necessary to study the planning and operation technology of electric vehicle recharge power station. The change of charging load of electric vehicle charging power station will have a certain impact on the power grid. Electric vehicle charging power station load has the characteristics of fixed charging location, concentrated charging time and large charge load. Based on the calculation of charging load of charging power station, the influence of charging power station on power quality and economic operation of power network is analyzed in this paper. By comparing the voltage offset and network loss rate of distribution network power flow with and without charging load in different periods of time, the simulation results show that the operation of electric vehicle charging and switching power station will have a certain adverse effect on the power network. Then, on the basis of analyzing the influence of charging load on the power network, the cost benefit and life cycle cost calculation method of the charging and changing power station is analyzed in detail for the electric vehicle charging and changing power station operation cycle, based on the above work, It is proposed that the capacity of charging station should be estimated by traffic network traffic flow information, the maximum net present value (NPV) income obtained by charging and replacing power station operators should be the best choice target, and the traffic flow of transportation network, the power quality and economy of power network, and the charging demand of users should be taken as the constraint condition. The location and capacity of the charging power station are determined, and the optimal programming model of the charging power station considering the whole life cycle cost is proposed, and the quantum genetic algorithm is used to solve the model. The simulation results show that the optimal programming model and its solving method are effective. Finally, in order to test the effect of power station planning and construction and improve the level of operation and management of electric vehicle recharge power station, a new evaluation method of electric vehicle recharge power station operation state considering customer satisfaction is put forward. Firstly, the service rating of electric vehicle charging power station and the operation status information of the charging power station are taken as evidence, and the DS/G2 method is used to fuse the evidence to determine the evaluation results of a single customer's operation status of an electric vehicle charging and replacing power station. Then, the concept of evidence conflict is introduced to optimize the weight of the quantitative value of multiple customer evaluation results. Based on D-S evidence theory, the evaluation results of multiple customers are fused, and the advantages and disadvantages of the operation level of multiple charging and switching power stations are compared. Through the evaluation of the operation state of the charging and changing power station, it has certain guiding significance for improving the service level of the charging and changing power station. The feasibility of the method is verified by an example.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.8

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