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西安市中心城区社区卫生服务机构交通可达性研究

发布时间:2018-08-09 13:20
【摘要】:社区卫生服务是城市卫生工作的重要组成部分,是实现人人享有初级卫生保健目标的基础环节。本研究结合西安市中心城区实际情况,以交通可达性为切入点,分析了社区卫生服务机构空间布局特征,从城市规划和交通工程两大角度为解决“看病难”问题做出贡献。首先在厘清社区卫生服务机构含义及特点的基础上,有针对性的分析了可达性的概念,然后从行政区划、人口分布、设施服务能力、空间距离、交通阻抗五个方面研究了社区卫生服务机构可达性的影响因素,再以兼顾公平性和便捷性的空间布局目标为前提,选取潜能模型来进行社区卫生服务机构可达性评价。其次以西安市中心城区为研究对象,通过理论分析和实际调研相结合的方法,基于步行交通方式从路段阻抗和交叉口阻抗两方面细致研究了交通阻抗的计算方法,得到55个社区卫生服务机构的阻抗系数。进而对潜能模型进行了改进和优化,借助Arc GIS技术建立西安市中心城区社区卫生服务机构地理信息数据库并计算出25个街道办事处行政区划范围的可达性指标。最后利用分级比较和克里金插值法对步行阻抗和可达性结果进行了空间分布分析,得到其空间分布特征,接着从土地资源供给、公共服务配建、道路交通规划三方面深入剖析了可达性不均衡空间分布的原因,并从医疗卫生、城市规划和交通工程三个角度对提高社区卫生服务机构可达性提出对策和建议。本研究得到陕西省教育厅专项科学计划项目(14JK1417)的资助。
[Abstract]:Community health service is an important part of urban health work and the basic link to realize the goal of primary health care for all. Based on the actual situation of Xi'an city center and traffic accessibility, this paper analyzes the spatial layout characteristics of community health service institutions, and makes contributions to solve the problem of "difficult to see a doctor" from the two aspects of urban planning and traffic engineering. First of all, on the basis of clarifying the meaning and characteristics of community health service institutions, the concept of accessibility is analyzed, and then the concept of accessibility is analyzed from administrative divisions, population distribution, facilities service capacity, space distance. The factors affecting accessibility of community health service institutions were studied in five aspects of traffic impedance, and then the potential model was selected to evaluate the accessibility of community health service institutions on the premise of the spatial layout goal of considering fairness and convenience. Secondly, taking Xi'an city center as the research object, through the combination of theoretical analysis and practical investigation, the calculation method of traffic impedance is studied in detail from two aspects of road impedance and intersection impedance based on walking traffic mode. The impedance coefficient of 55 community health service institutions was obtained. Then the potential model was improved and optimized, and the geographic information database of community health service institutions in downtown Xi'an was established by using Arc GIS technology, and the reachability index of the administrative districts of 25 sub-district offices was calculated. Finally, by using hierarchical comparison and Kriging interpolation method, the spatial distribution of walking impedance and reachability is analyzed, and the spatial distribution characteristics are obtained. Then, from the supply of land resources and the construction of public services, In this paper, the causes of uneven spatial distribution of accessibility in three aspects of road traffic planning are analyzed, and the countermeasures and suggestions for improving the accessibility of community health service institutions are put forward from the perspectives of medical treatment, urban planning and traffic engineering. This research is supported by the Special Science Project (14JK1417) of Shaanxi Education Department.
【学位授予单位】:西安建筑科技大学
【学位级别】:硕士
【学位授予年份】:2015
【分类号】:U491;R197.61

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