考虑排放的桥梁交叉口信号配时优化与应用

发布时间：2018-08-13 15:13

【摘要】：近年来,我国经济蓬勃发展,机动车的拥有量不断增加,随之而来的城市交通拥堵与环境污染问题日益严重。而城市交叉口作为交通节点,交织点多、密度大以及交通设施较集中,并且机动车在通过交叉口时低速运行,车辆尾气的排放量将不断增加,进一步导致了城市环境污染。于此同时,在我国南方城市中,存在诸多使用年限较长且承担过江通道作用的桥梁。伴随着城市规模的扩张,桥梁两端交叉口已成为交通畅通和安全的瓶颈,其通行能力和承载能力已无法达到现实要求。因此,如何在不大规模改造桥梁交叉口的情况下,通过优化信号控制降低车辆排放和排队长度具有重要的研究意义。本文在现有城市交叉口信号控制理论研究基础上,定义桥梁交叉口的概念,选取车辆在桥梁交叉口的平均排队长度和CO排放量作为综合评价交叉口效率和进行桥梁交叉口信号配时的基础,并将其转化为无量纲的单目标函数,以交叉口周期、绿灯时间和饱和度为约束条件,分别在高峰时段和平峰时段建立考虑排放的桥梁交叉口单点信号优化控制模型和考虑排放的桥梁交叉口信号协调控制模型。运用遗传算法和优化模型相结合,设计求解步骤。在实地调查交通的基础上,选取福建省福清市玉融大桥两端交叉口为研究对象,构建目标模型并求解。分别得到4个模型下的有效绿灯时间和周期。并通过已构建的信号配时模型获取4个方案下的桥梁平均排队长度和CO排放量。接着运用仿真软件Synchro对考虑排放的信号优化前后效果进行对比,结果表明:无论高峰还是平峰时段,考虑排放的桥梁两端信号协调控制方案降低的效果最为明显。然后在考虑现状方案相位相序设置不当的情况下,运用Synchro配时软件重新对桥梁交叉口进行合理科学的相位相序设置,再利用第二章提出的考虑排放的桥梁交叉口信号配时优化模型进行优化。利用仿真得到的数据,对无信号控制、单点交叉口信号控制和信号协调控制3种不同的控制方式下碳排放进行对比,结果表明:桥梁两端信号摘要协调控制为最佳信号控制方案,在高峰时段,与无信号控制相比,CO排放量下降了 18.4%,平均排队长度下降了 27.7%,延误下降了39.8%。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the economy of our country is booming, and the ownership of motor vehicles is increasing, and the problems of urban traffic congestion and environmental pollution are becoming more and more serious. As a traffic node, urban intersections have many intertwined points, high density and concentrated traffic facilities, and the emission of vehicle exhaust will increase continuously when the vehicle passes through the intersection at low speed, which further leads to the urban environmental pollution. At the same time, there are many bridges with long service life and acting as channel in southern cities of China. With the expansion of the city scale, the intersection between the two ends of the bridge has become the bottleneck of traffic flow and safety, and its capacity and carrying capacity can no longer meet the practical requirements. Therefore, it is of great significance to study how to reduce vehicle emission and queue length by optimizing signal control without rebuilding bridge intersection on a large scale. In this paper, the concept of bridge intersection is defined on the basis of the existing signal control theory of urban intersections. The average queue length and CO emission of vehicles at the bridge intersection are selected as the basis of comprehensive evaluation of intersection efficiency and signal timing of bridge intersection, and converted into a dimensionless single-objective function for intersection cycle. The green time and saturation are the constraint conditions. The optimal control model of single point signal with emission and the model of signal coordination control with emission are established at peak period and peak time respectively. Genetic algorithm and optimization model are combined to design the solution steps. On the basis of field investigation of traffic, the intersection of Yulong Bridge in Fuqing City, Fujian Province, is selected as the research object, and the target model is constructed and solved. The effective green time and period under the four models are obtained respectively. The average queue length and CO emission of the bridge under the four schemes were obtained by using the signal timing model. Then the simulation software Synchro is used to compare the effect before and after the signal optimization considering emissions. The results show that the effect of the coordinated control scheme for both ends of the bridge considering emissions is the most obvious regardless of peak or flat peak period. Then, under the condition that the phase sequence of the current scheme is not properly set, the reasonable and scientific phase sequence setting of the bridge intersection is carried out by using the Synchro timing software. In chapter 2, the optimal model of bridge intersection signal timing considering discharge is used to optimize. By using the simulated data, the carbon emissions under three different control modes, i.e., no signal control, single point intersection signal control and signal coordination control, are compared. The results show that the optimal signal control scheme is the concatenation control of the signals at both ends of the bridge. In the peak period, compared with the non-signal control, the CO emission decreases by 18.4, the average queue length decreases by 27.7 and the delay decreases by 39.8 percent.
【学位授予单位】：福建农林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491.54

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