基于乘客感知的快速公交运行平稳性研究

发布时间：2018-08-13 18:13

【摘要】：随着我国经济持续高速发展、城市化进程逐步推进,城市交通问题,尤其是交通拥堵和环境污染日益严重,优先发展城市公共交通逐渐成为大多数城市在制定交通发展战略时的共识。以专用道为依托的城市快速公共交通系统由于具有运行速度快、运载能力高、投资较小等优点得到大力推广。由于规划设计水平的限制和运营管理水平的不足等原因,快速公交在实际运行中服务水平较低,达不到预期要求；而与此同时,城市居民对公共交通系统服务质量要求越来越高,导致了快速公交系统吸引力不足,运载能力没有得到充分发挥。对快速公交服务水平,尤其是主要影响因素的深入研究,有助于针对性的提出改善措施,增加快速公交吸引力,提高公交分担率。本文研究的运行平稳性正是这样的关键影响因素,其对乘客的影响在乘坐舒适度影响因素中仅次于拥挤程度,而相关的研究较少,缺乏定量评价,因此对快速公交运行平稳性的评价具有重要的理论和现实意义。本文从分析快速公交运行平稳性特性入手,以济南BRT1-6号线的调查问卷和行驶记录仪数据为研究的数据源,根据ISO振动评价通行标准,基于快速公交速度-时间特性计算运行平稳性客观指标值,了解快速公交运行平稳性的实际水平,并与调查得到的运行平稳性主观评价相对比；从乘客乘车过程中的3个实际感知层面——人与人、人与环境、人自身建立运行平稳性影响因素集,运用最优尺度回归模型对调查得到的各影响因素值进行拟合,找出对各因素对运行平稳性评价的影响大小。主要结论包括：(1)运行平稳性对快速公交乘坐舒适度具有重要影响,平峰时段和高峰时段影响程度不同,但其影响程度在本文研究所列的舒适度6个影响因素中仅次于拥挤度,远远高于其他因素；(2)车内卫生对公交运行平稳性评价具有重要影响,在平峰时段其对所有乘客运行平稳性评价影响最大,在高峰时段其对所有乘客运行平稳性评价的影响仅次于拥挤程度,在高峰时段其对普通群体(非老、幼、病、残、孕)的影响最大；(3)月收入对乘客运行平稳性评价有影响,但影响较小,无论在平峰还是高峰时段,其影响大小均排在前5位之外,倒数3位以内。本文的创新点在于：(1)本文基于调查数据分析得出,运行平稳性对快速公交乘坐舒适度的影响程度；(2)本文从乘客感知的角度,分析了运行平稳性的所有可能影响因素,为进一步评价量化快速公交运行平稳性铺垫良好的基础；(3)基于调查数据,对快速公交的运行平稳性进行了初步的量化评价,解析了不同因素对公交运行平稳性评价的显著性和作用大小。
[Abstract]:With the sustained and rapid development of our economy and the progress of urbanization, urban traffic problems, especially traffic congestion and environmental pollution, are becoming more and more serious. Giving priority to the development of urban public transport has gradually become the consensus of most cities in formulating traffic development strategies. The urban rapid public transport system based on private lanes has been popularized because of its advantages of high speed, high transportation capacity and low investment. Because of the limitation of planning and design level and the insufficiency of operation management level, the service level of BRT is low in actual operation, and it can not meet the expected requirements; at the same time, Urban residents have more and more demands on the service quality of public transportation system, which leads to the lack of attraction of bus rapid transit system and the lack of full exertion of its carrying capacity. The deep research on the level of bus rapid transit service, especially the main influencing factors, is helpful to put forward the improvement measures, increase the attraction of bus rapid transit and increase the share rate of public transportation. The running smoothness of this paper is just such a key factor, its influence on passengers is second only to the degree of congestion in the influence factors of ride comfort, but the related research is less, lack of quantitative evaluation, Therefore, it has important theoretical and practical significance to evaluate the smooth operation of bus rapid transit. This paper starts with the analysis of the stationary characteristics of bus rapid transit, taking the questionnaire of Jinan BRT1-6 line and the data of the driving recorder as the data source, and according to the ISO vibration evaluation standard, Based on the speed and time characteristics of bus rapid transit, the objective index value of running smoothness is calculated, and the actual level of bus rapid transit running stability is understood, and compared with the subjective evaluation of the running smoothness obtained by the investigation. From the three practical perception levels in the process of passenger riding-people and people, people and environment, people themselves establish the set of factors that affect the stability of operation, and use the optimal scale regression model to fit the values of the factors obtained by the investigation. Find out the influence of each factor on the evaluation of running stability. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Operation smoothness has an important influence on the ride comfort of bus rapid transit, and the influence degree is different between the peak period and the peak period, but the degree of influence is second only to the crowding degree among the six influencing factors listed in this paper. (2) Intravehicular hygiene has an important impact on the evaluation of bus ride stability, and it has the greatest impact on all passengers in the peak period. During the peak hours, the impact of the evaluation on the running stability of all passengers is second only to the degree of congestion. During the peak hours, it has the greatest impact on the general population (not old, young, sick, disabled, pregnant); (3) monthly income has an impact on the evaluation of passenger running stability. However, the influence is small, both in the peak and peak period, the influence is in the top 5, and less than 3 in the bottom. The innovations of this paper are as follows: (1) based on the analysis of survey data, it is concluded that the degree of influence of ride smoothness on the ride comfort of bus rapid transit; (2) from the perspective of passenger perception, this paper analyzes all the possible factors that affect the ride smoothness. In order to further evaluate the smooth operation of quantitative bus rapid transit on a good basis; (3) based on the survey data, the bus rapid transit smooth operation of the preliminary quantitative evaluation, The significance and effect of different factors on the evaluation of bus running stability are analyzed.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U461.4;U491.17

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