中小城市公交专用道布设及交通组织优化设计研究

发布时间：2018-08-14 13:26

【摘要】：随着中小城市社会经济和城市规模的快速发展,道路交通拥堵和交通污染等一系列问题开始凸显。公交专用道作为公交优先发展最有效的措施之一,能显著改善中小城市的公交运行现状,实现道路通行权的重新分配,带动中小城市实现交通结构的优化升级。但由于现阶段中小城市公交专用道在设计过程中照搬大城市的方法和形式,导致出现设计不合理、组织措施不配套的问题,影响了公交专用道的实施效果。因此,针对公交专用道在中小城市的应用实践开展深入研究具有重要的现实指导意义。本文通过理论分析和模型构建,从布设和交通组织两个方面对中小城市公交专用道进行优化设计研究,主要研究内容如下:首先,在中小城市交通现状分析和公交专用道效用分析基础上,论述现阶段中小城市发展公交专用道的必要性,研究阐述中小城市公交专用道的规划设计原则,从流量和负荷度两方面分析公交专用道的设置条件。其次,分析公交专用道路段和交叉口处不同布设型式的优缺点和适用性,结合中小城市交通现状,提出路侧式公交专用道和直通式公交专用进口道的组合是最适合中小城市应用的布设型式。针对中小城市适用的布设型式,基于可插入间隙理论建立车辆汇入概率模型,对现阶段设置规范尚未明确的借道区关键指标进行创新性的公式标定,进一步推动中小城市公交专用道的精细化布设。再次,从交叉口和路段两方面进行公交专用道的交通组织优化设计研究。针对传统交叉口信号配时方法存在的问题,基于模糊折中规划方法建立公交专用道交叉口信号配时优化模型,为中小城市公交专用道交叉口信号配时设计提供方法,通过VISSIM仿真验证模型优化效果。针对中小城市公交专用道路段,提出路段隔离设施、出入口设置、行人交通、出租车停靠、公交车辆专用时段五个交通组织配套设计方案,进一步保障中小城市公交专用道的实施效果。最后,选取沧州市黄河路进行公交专用道的综合设计。对设计路段12个借道区的关键指标进行求解标定,对沿线多个交叉口进行公交专用道配时优先设计,对交叉口渠化和路段交通组织措施进行配套设计。通过VISSIM构建路网,对全路段公交专用道设置效果进行仿真评估,仿真结果表明,设置公交专用道后公交运行效率获得显著提升。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of social economy and city scale in small and medium-sized cities, a series of problems such as road traffic congestion and traffic pollution begin to appear. As one of the most effective measures to give priority to the development of public transport, bus lanes can significantly improve the operation of public transport in small and medium-sized cities, realize the redistribution of road traffic rights, and promote the optimization and upgrading of traffic structure in small and medium-sized cities. However, due to the method and form of large cities being copied in the design process of bus lanes in small and medium-sized cities at present, the problems of unreasonable design and inadequate organization measures have affected the implementation effect of bus lanes. Therefore, it is of practical significance to carry out in-depth research on the application of bus lanes in small and medium-sized cities. Through theoretical analysis and model construction, this paper studies the optimization design of bus lanes in small and medium-sized cities from the aspects of layout and traffic organization. The main research contents are as follows: first of all, Based on the analysis of traffic situation and utility analysis of bus lanes in small and medium-sized cities, this paper discusses the necessity of developing public transport exclusive lanes in small and medium-sized cities at present, and studies and expounds the planning and design principles of public transport exclusive lanes in small and medium-sized cities. The setting conditions of bus lanes are analyzed from two aspects of flow and load. Secondly, the advantages, disadvantages and applicability of different layout types of bus lanes and intersections are analyzed, and combined with the traffic situation in small and medium-sized cities, It is suggested that the combination of roadside bus lanes and direct transit special entrance roads is the most suitable layout for small and medium-sized cities. Aiming at the suitable layout pattern of small and medium-sized cities, the paper establishes the vehicle import probability model based on the pluggable gap theory, and calibrates the innovative formula for the key index of the pass area which has not been clearly defined in the present setting standard. Further promote the small and medium-sized city bus lane fine layout. Thirdly, the traffic organization optimization design of bus lane is studied from intersection and section. Aiming at the problems existing in the traditional intersection signal timing method, the signal timing optimization model of the bus lane intersection is established based on the fuzzy compromise planning method, which provides a method for the signal timing design of the bus lane intersection in the small and medium-sized cities. The optimization effect of the model is verified by VISSIM simulation. In view of the section of public transport exclusive roads in small and medium-sized cities, the paper puts forward five traffic organization design schemes, such as road isolation facilities, entrance and exit setting, pedestrian traffic, taxi parking, and special time period for public transport vehicles. Further protection of the implementation of public transport lanes in small and medium-sized cities. Finally, Huanghe Road in Cangzhou City is selected for the comprehensive design of bus lanes. The key indexes of 12 passageways are solved and calibrated, the bus lanes are designed first, and the channelization of intersections and traffic organization measures are designed. The effect of bus lane setting is evaluated by VISSIM. The simulation results show that the efficiency of bus operation is improved significantly after the setting of bus lane.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

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