西宁市公共交通可达性研究

发布时间：2018-08-14 15:00

【摘要】：城市公共交通是城市发展和演变的重要载体。在城市化进程不断加速,经济活动日益频繁,人口迅猛增长和城市规模不断扩大的背景下,深入研究城市公共交通的合理规划和空间布局,无论在理论上还是在实践方面,都对城市的良性发展有着重要意义。可达性作为城市公共交通状况的一种评价手段,对城市公共交通网络布局、城市公共交系统建设等问题都起到重要指示作用,因此,对城市公共交通可达性的研究可以促进交通网络格局的优化,提升居民出行需求,具有很大的现实意义。本文基于GIS技术,以西宁市公交线路首末站点为研究对象,采用地理数学模型及数理统计和图形分析等方法,从公交线网空间分布特点、首末站点可达性分析等方面对西宁市城市公共交通可达性进行探讨。首先,以西宁市65条公交线路为研究单位,从公交线路各空间要素出发对西宁市公共交通网络空间分布进行分析,并且运用SPSS和ARCGIS软件对线路长度、站点覆盖率、非直线系数、站点平均站距、线路网密度进行数据统计和空间统计,指出西宁市站点覆盖率在空间上分布不均,主要集中在西宁市城中区和城西区,且站点平均站距偏小。线路里程及线路的非直线系数大部分都超出了适宜范围,线路网密度城东区和城北区与平均水平相差较大,总体公共交通空间要素分布对实现理想交通网络还有一点差距。其次,运用空间阻隔模型、ARCGIS软件空间分析功能以及归一化处理的方法,分别以公交线路首末站点为基础对其空间、时间、费用以及综合可达性进行分析,指出可达性呈现由带状中心向四周对称递减分布的规律,集中分布程度较高,分布均匀度较低。空间可达性与时间可达性相似程度较高,费用可达性总体分布规律与其他可达性一致,但由于公交站点所在区域的条件不同会出现区域优值和区域劣值。综合可达性是由空间、时间、费用可达性线性相加而得,城中区可达性最好,其次是城西区。最后,依据测算结果,探讨了西宁市公共交通现阶段存在的问题,并提出具体的对策:完善枢纽站建设、增加城市新区线路、推进线网优化速度、提升科学管理水平。
[Abstract]:Urban public transport is an important carrier of urban development and evolution. Under the background of accelerating the process of urbanization, increasing economic activities, rapid population growth and expanding urban scale, the rational planning and spatial layout of urban public transport are studied, both in theory and in practice. Both are of great significance to the healthy development of the city. Accessibility, as an evaluation method of urban public transportation, plays an important role in indicating the layout of urban public transport network and the construction of urban public transportation system. The research on the accessibility of urban public transportation can promote the optimization of traffic network pattern and enhance the travel demand of residents, which is of great practical significance. Based on GIS technology, this paper takes the first and last station of Xining bus line as the research object, adopts the methods of geography mathematics model, mathematical statistics and graph analysis, and analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of the bus network. This paper discusses the accessibility of Xining city public transportation in the first and last part of the paper. First of all, taking 65 public transit lines in Xining as the research unit, the spatial distribution of Xining public transport network is analyzed from the space elements of the public transport lines, and the length of the lines, the coverage of stations, and the non-linear coefficients are analyzed by using SPSS and ARCGIS software. The data and spatial statistics of station average station distance and line network density are carried out. It is pointed out that the station coverage rate of Xining City is uneven in spatial distribution, mainly concentrated in the central and western districts of Xining City, and the average station distance is small. Most of the mileage and the non-linear coefficients of the lines are beyond the suitable range. The density of the eastern and northern parts of the line network is quite different from the average level, and the distribution of the spatial elements of the overall public transport is still a little different for the realization of the ideal traffic network. Secondly, the spatial analysis function and normalized processing method of ARCGIS software are used to analyze the space, time, cost and comprehensive accessibility of the bus line based on the first and last station of the bus line, respectively. It is pointed out that the distribution of reachability decreases symmetrically from the center of the belt to the surrounding area with a higher degree of concentration and a lower degree of uniformity. The spatial reachability and temporal reachability are similar to each other, and the overall distribution of cost accessibility is consistent with other reachability, but the regional superior value and regional inferior value will appear due to the different conditions of the public transport station. The comprehensive reachability is obtained by the linear addition of space, time and cost. The urban area is the best, followed by the west district. Finally, according to the calculation results, this paper discusses the problems existing in Xining public transportation at the present stage, and puts forward some specific countermeasures: perfecting the construction of hub stations, increasing the lines in new urban areas, promoting the optimization speed of line network, and improving the level of scientific management.
【学位授予单位】：青海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491.17

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