螺旋隧道火灾特性小尺寸实验研究

发布时间：2018-08-14 16:47

【摘要】：为探明螺旋隧道火灾特性,防止人员高温伤害,基于Froude准则,搭建比例1∶67的小尺寸螺旋隧道实验模型,采用模型实验方法研究不同坡度和不同风速下螺旋隧道火灾温度分布规律及烟气蔓延特性。研究结果表明:低坡度条件下,螺旋隧道内高温区以火源为中点呈对称分布状态;随着坡度的增加,隧道内高温区逐渐向下游延伸,火源处拱顶下方温度呈现先增大后降低再升高的变化规律;无论是自然风还是机械纵向通风,新鲜冷空气的吹入对隧道温度的降低起到主导作用,且风速越大,温降幅度越大;随着隧道坡度和自然风速的增加,火羽流由竖直狭长型转变为燃烧不稳定的大截面火焰,同时坡度增加抑制了火灾烟气逆流,促进了烟气向火源下游的蔓延速度,大大提高了排烟的有效性,减少人员伤害。
[Abstract]:In order to investigate the fire characteristics of spiral tunnel and prevent high temperature damage, a small scale spiral tunnel model with a ratio of 1:67 was built based on Froude criterion. The temperature distribution and smoke spread characteristics of spiral tunnel under different slope and wind speed were studied by model experiment method. With the increase of slope, the high temperature zone in the tunnel extends downstream gradually, and the temperature under the arch of the fire source increases first, then decreases and then rises; whether natural wind or mechanical longitudinal ventilation, fresh cold air blowing plays a leading role in the temperature reduction of the tunnel. With the increase of tunnel gradient and natural wind speed, the fire plume changes from vertical narrow to large section flame with unstable combustion, and the increase of slope restrains the fire smoke countercurrent, promotes the smoke to spread downstream of the fire source, greatly improves the effectiveness of smoke exhaust and reduces personnel injury.
【作者单位】：西南交通大学交通运输与物流学院;西南交通大学地球科学与环境工程学院;公安部四川消防研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(51578464) 公安部重点研究计划项目(201302ZDYJ015)
【分类号】：U458

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