城市行人—非机动车共享路段交通运行特性及分隔设施设置应用研究

发布时间：2018-08-14 20:00

【摘要】：随着社会经济的发展及机动化水平的提升,城市把出行资源和出行权过多地向机动车方式倾斜,致使以“人”为主体的道路空间逐渐被现代化交通工具所挤占,慢行通行环境日益恶化。因此,行人、非机动车共同使用同一幅道路资源的行人-非机动车共享车道车道作为交通管理模式逐渐被尝试。本文以城市行人-非机动车共享路段为研究对象,探讨混合慢行流对路段通行效率及通行安全的影响。通过调查多条城市共享路段分析其交通运行特性及通行能力大小：其次分析路段交通冲突事件的发生机理,考虑各种影响因素构建交通冲突事件数模型；最后提出行人-非机动车隔离设施的设置条件及其设置策略。首先,选择城市行人-非机动车共享路段设计调查方案进行调查,通过静态交通设施特征、动态交通运行特性描述其交通基本参数、道路位置分布特性及通行能力特性等,得到路段上各方式运行速度均服从正态分布统计规律,其中行人平均速度基本与纯步行交通流的平均速度相吻合,非机动车因受路段行人交通影响,速度与纯非机动车交通流相比显著降低。通过建立回归模型,得到路段上非机动车密度与路段总通过量、交通方式构成比例及路段宽度显著相关等结论,并发现随路段通过量的增加,行人会尽量靠近最右侧区域行走,自行车则多集中在次右侧区域,而电动自行车则主要占据最左侧区域通行。通过对实测数据的统计分析还得出共享道上自行车与电动车的实际通行能力分别落在[500-550]、[700-750]区间内,单位：units/h·m 。其次,从共享道舒适度的定义出发,引入交通冲突事件数对共享道上各交通方式间的相互干扰程度进行定量化表述,探求慢行混合流条件下路段运行质量好坏,并结合实际路段上的冲突事件发生机理,提炼不同交通方式间各事件类型的发生条件及影响因素,分析给出双车道路段的冲突事件数模型。结合车道占用特性分析结果确定多车道的冲突事件数模型,将模型计算结果与路段实测数据进行对比研究,对模型进行。发现对共享路段事件数的显著影响因素有路段长度、宽度、路段总交通流率、各方式构成比例、产生冲突的交通实体间流率比、平均速度及不同方式间速度差,这为共享路段舒适性的定量化描述奠定了基础。再次,将事件数模型与路段服务水平评价建立联系,考虑路段车道占用及调查样本特性,选取自行车作为评价对象。通过对事件数的调查样本模糊聚类分析建立了各类事件数与服务水平的相关关系,并结合路段实际交通状况,对各级服务水平分级标准及其对应的事件数范围进行了探讨和调整。最后,选取自行车服务水平等级作为判定依据,对人非分隔带的适用性及设置条件进行讨论,在此基础上给出行人、非机动车隔离设施的设置判定流程以及相关设置建议,并进行实例分析。
[Abstract]:With the development of social economy and the improvement of motorization level, the city inclines the travel resources and the exiting power to the way of the motor vehicle too much, which results in the road space with "people" as the main body gradually being crowded out by the modern means of transportation. The slow-moving environment is deteriorating day by day. Therefore, the pedestrian-non-motor vehicle shared lane which uses the same road resource is gradually tried as the traffic management mode. In this paper, the effect of mixed slow flow on traffic efficiency and safety of urban pedestrian-non-motor vehicle shared section is discussed. The traffic characteristics and traffic capacity of several shared urban sections are analyzed. Secondly, the mechanism of traffic conflict events is analyzed, and the traffic conflict event number model is constructed considering various factors. Finally, the setting conditions and setting strategies of pedestrian-non-motor vehicle isolation facilities are put forward. First of all, the investigation scheme is selected to investigate the design of the pedestrian / non-motorized road section in the city. The basic traffic parameters, road location distribution characteristics and capacity characteristics are described by static traffic facilities, dynamic traffic operation characteristics, and so on. The statistical law of normal distribution is obtained for all modes of running speed on road sections, in which the average pedestrian speed is basically consistent with the average speed of pure pedestrian traffic flow, and non-motor vehicles are affected by pedestrian traffic on road sections. The speed is significantly lower than that of pure non-motor vehicle traffic. By establishing a regression model, we can get the conclusion that the density of non-motor vehicles on the road is significantly related to the total traffic volume, the proportion of traffic modes and the width of the section, and it is found that with the increase of traffic volume, pedestrians will walk as close as possible to the right-most area. Bicycles are concentrated in the second right area, while electric bikes mainly occupy the leftmost area. Through the statistical analysis of the measured data, it is also found that the actual capacity of bicycle and electric vehicle on the shared road falls within [500-550], [700-750] in unit unites / h _ m, respectively, in the range of [500-550] and [700-750]. Secondly, starting from the definition of shared road comfort, the traffic conflict event number is introduced to quantify the degree of mutual interference between different traffic modes on the shared road, and to find out the running quality of the road section under the condition of slow mixed flow. Combined with the mechanism of conflict events on actual road sections, the occurrence conditions and influencing factors of different traffic modes are refined, and the conflict event number model of two-lane road sections is analyzed and given. Based on the analysis of lane occupancy characteristics, the conflict event number model of multi-lane is determined, and the model is compared with the measured data. It is found that the significant factors affecting the number of events in the shared section are the length, width, total traffic flow rate, proportion of each mode, the ratio of traffic entity flow rate, the average speed and the velocity difference between different modes. This lays a foundation for quantitative description of shared road comfort. Thirdly, the event number model is connected with the service level evaluation, and the bicycle is selected as the evaluation object, considering the road lane occupation and survey sample characteristics. The correlation between the number of events and the level of service is established through the fuzzy cluster analysis of the investigation sample of the number of events, and combined with the actual traffic situation of the road, the relationship between the number of events and the level of service is established. This paper discusses and adjusts the grading standard of service level at all levels and the corresponding range of events. Finally, the paper selects the bicycle service level as the basis, discusses the applicability and setting conditions of the non-separation belt, and then gives the decision flow of the installation of the passenger and non-motor vehicle isolation facilities and the relevant setting suggestions. A case study was carried out.
【学位授予单位】：东南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：U491

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