居住外迁家庭日常活动—出行行为决策机理研究

发布时间：2018-08-18 16:14

【摘要】：伴随城市空间向郊区的急剧扩张,郊区已成为快速城市化过程中疏解城市人口和功能的重要空间。然而,居民迁入郊区后往往会面临着与内城不同的居住环境、指向内城的长距离通勤以及居住周边配套设施不完善等问题,迁居居民日常活动发生巨大变化。迁居是以家庭为单位进行的生命历程事件,其引发的不仅仅是个体职住空间的改变,而是整个家庭生活空间的改变,既包括多个通勤成员的职住空间,还包括儿童的就学空间、老年人的就医空间等。因此迁居对家庭具有多重影响,最直观的表现是个体成员的职住错位或通勤距离明显增加,并间接渗透到家庭义务、角色分工以及日常家务活动等多个维度中,进而重塑新生活空间下的家庭出行行为模式。论文以迁居家庭为研究对象,基于时间地理学和计划行为理论,一方面从外部时空制约下分析成员间在家庭活动上的交互关系;另一方面则在外部制约和主观因素共同作用下分析个体出行行为决策全过程。首先,在总结国内外关于迁居居民出行行为的研究方法不足的前提下,提出了居住外迁家庭活动-出行行为决策机理的理论框架。利用2015年在昆明市呈贡大学城的居住区获取的迁居家庭活动日志调查数据,应用活动分析法,分析了迁居前后家庭成员活动-出行行为的时空间特征,通过多维特征分析和组合,提取了典型的家庭职住调整模式,并探析不同职住模式下家庭成员活动间的交互规律。其次,选取典型的家庭职住调整模式,基于时间地理学理论,从个体层面和家庭两个层面剖析成员在通勤活动和家务活动参与上的互动调整,探究成员间的交互模式及其内在机理。再次,考虑到主观因素会作用于个体行为决策过程,引入计划行为理论,从外部时空制约和个体主观因素两个方面来剖析迁居居民活动-出行行为决策全过程,提出迁居事件影响下成员日常活动和出行行为的选择规律。最后,利用结构方程模型分别构建了两类家庭职住模式对应的成员交互机理模型,得到以下结论:迁居对成员活动-出行行为的影响首先体现在通勤活动模式调整上,其次是在家务分担上。具体来说,当两个成员均受到职住错位影响时,双方在家务活动安排上交互强烈,家庭内部会通过替代或互助等互动模式来平衡通勤活动所受到的时空制约;当只有一方受到职住错位制约时,双方交互程度进一步降低,家务活动安排上表现出显著性别差异,男方较容易受通勤活动的影响而放弃承担家务活动;当双方均处于职住邻近状态时,双方交互程度最弱,家务活动常采用陪伴或联合等协作方式来完成。此外,居民行为选择还受过去行为态度及偏好正向引导作用,且迁居前各行为间存在的交互模式会进一步传递到现有活动和出行安排中,从而呈现出新生活空间下活动和出行行为。研究结论可以更全面地理解迁居居民出行需求的形成机理,进一步为准确掌握或预测新生活空间下居民的交通出行需求提供理论依据。
[Abstract]:With the rapid expansion of urban space to the suburbs, the suburbs have become an important space to relax urban population and function in the process of rapid urbanization. Activities have changed dramatically. Relocation is a life-course event based on the family. It is not only the change of individual occupational and residential space, but also the change of the whole family living space, including the occupational and residential space of many commuters, the school space of children, the medical space of the elderly and so on. The most intuitive manifestation is that individual members'occupational and residential dislocation or the distance between work and work increases significantly, and indirectly penetrates into many dimensions such as family obligations, role division and daily household activities, thus reshaping the family travel behavior pattern in the new living space. Planned behavior theory, on the one hand, analyzes the interaction between members in family activities from the external space-time constraints; on the other hand, it analyzes the whole process of individual travel behavior decision-making under the combined effect of external constraints and subjective factors. First, on the premise of summarizing the shortcomings of domestic and foreign research methods on the travel behavior of migrant residents, the paper puts forward some suggestions. The theoretical framework of the decision-making mechanism of family activities-travel behavior in outward migration. Based on the survey data of family activities in the residential area of Chenggong University Town in Kunming in 2015, the spatial and temporal characteristics of family members'activities-travel behavior before and after migration were analyzed by activity analysis method. The spatial and temporal characteristics of family members' activities-travel behavior before and after migration were extracted through multi-dimensional feature analysis and combination. Secondly, based on the theory of time geography, this paper analyzes the interaction adjustment between commuting activities and household activities from the individual level and the family level, and explores the interaction adjustment between members in commuting activities and household activities. Thirdly, considering that subjective factors will affect the decision-making process of individual behavior, this paper introduces the theory of planned behavior, analyzes the whole process of activity-travel behavior decision-making from two aspects of external space-time constraints and individual subjective factors, and proposes the selection of members'daily activities and travel behavior under the influence of relocation events. Finally, the structural equation model is used to construct the interaction mechanism model of the two types of family occupational-residential patterns, and the following conclusions are drawn: the influence of relocation on the members'activity-travel behavior is reflected in the adjustment of commuting activity pattern first, followed by the housework sharing. When it rings, the two sides interact strongly in the arrangement of household activities, and the time and space constraints of commuting activities are balanced by the interaction mode of substitution or mutual assistance within the family; when only one side is constrained by occupational and residential dislocation, the degree of interaction between the two sides is further reduced, the arrangement of household activities shows significant gender differences, and the male is more vulnerable to commuting. In addition, the behavior choice of residents is positively guided by past behavior attitudes and preferences, and the interaction patterns among the previous behaviors will develop. The results of this study can provide a more comprehensive understanding of the formation mechanism of the travel demand of migrants and provide a theoretical basis for accurately grasping or predicting the travel demand of residents in the new living space.
【学位授予单位】：昆明理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：U491

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